Term
| What are the four types of organic macromolecules? |
|
Definition
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
| What 3 elements do Carbohydrates and Lipids share in common? |
|
Definition
| Contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O) |
|
|
Term
| What is the ratio of H to O in Carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
H:O is a 2:1 ratio
Ex. C6,H12,O6 |
|
|
Term
| What are building blocks of Carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
| Monosaccharides are the building blocks |
|
|
Term
| What is a Monosaccharide? |
|
Definition
simple sugar (1 sugar)
Ex. Glucose and fructose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 sugars
Ex. Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Ex. Glucose + galactose = lactose |
|
|
Term
| What is a Polysaccharide? |
|
Definition
many sugars
Ex. Starch, grain, vegetables, glycogen, etc |
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of Carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
| Has the function of Short-term energy storage |
|
|
Term
| What is the main ability of Carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
| Has the ability to convert to glucose quickly |
|
|
Term
| What do Carbohydrates have that is used to make ATP? |
|
Definition
| Has the glucose which is used to make ATP (energy) |
|
|
Term
| Do Lipids have a 2:1 ratio of H:O? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No. Not insoluble in water. |
|
|
Term
| Name one example of a Lipid. |
|
Definition
| Examples of: Fats, oils, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids |
|
|
Term
| What are the building blocks of Lipids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the storage capacity of Lipids considered long-term or short-term? |
|
Definition
| has the function of long-term energy storage |
|
|
Term
| Lipids insulates against heat loss. True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids do not protect organs with cushion. True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipid structure has a head made of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipid structure of tails made of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids are Triglycerides which means... |
|
Definition
| They have three long fatty acids "tails" connected to one glycerol molecule "head". |
|
|
Term
| Proteins, like lipids and carbohydrates contain C, H, and O, but proteins have this added element... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The building blocks of Proteins are... |
|
Definition
| Amino acids which contain an amino (NH2) group, carboxyl group, and an "R" group. The "R" group distinquishes each of the 20 different amino acids |
|
|
Term
| How many different amino acids do Proteins have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins store energy, true or False? |
|
Definition
| False. Proteins do not store energy due to the fact that amino acids aren’t stored. |
|
|
Term
| Proteins are used to make... |
|
Definition
| skin, hair, nails, and muscles |
|
|
Term
| Proteins are transported by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids, Proteins, or Carbohydrates. Which has Immune system functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins, Lipids, or Carbohydrates, which can cause muscle contractions (actin and myosin)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are not part of cell membranes, true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins are formed by linking individual amino acids together with ... |
|
Definition
| a peptide bond, in which the amino group of one amino acid is bonded to the carboxyl group of another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two amino acids joined together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Several amino acids joined together |
|
|
Term
| What are the four structure types of Proteins? |
|
Definition
| Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary |
|
|
Term
| Proteins (Primary structure) |
|
Definition
| The squence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, similar to the sequence of letters that spell out a specific word. |
|
|
Term
| Proteins (Secondary structure) |
|
Definition
| The corkscrew-like twists or pleated folds formed by hydrogen bonds between amino acids in the polypeptide chain. |
|
|
Term
| Protein (Tertiary structure) |
|
Definition
| The complex three-dimensional shape formed by multiple twists and bends in the polypeptide chain based on interactions between the side chains |
|
|
Term
| Protein (Quaternary structure) |
|
Definition
| Two or more polypeptide chains bonded together. Example: Hemoglobin, the protein molecule that carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells where it is needed, is made from four polypeptide chains, two "alpha" chains and two "beta" chains |
|
|
Term
| The building blocks of Nucleic Acids are... |
|
Definition
| Nucleotides which are composed of a nitrogen base, a phosphate, and 5 carbon sugar |
|
|
Term
| Like proteins, Nucleic Acids are composed of C, H, O, and N. What added element do nucleic acids have that proteins do not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of Nucleic Acids? |
|
Definition
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
|
|
Term
| How does RNA differ from DNA? Name the three important ways. |
|
Definition
The sugar molecule of the sugar-phosphate backbone
Single-stranded
while RNA has the bases―A, G, and C―it replaces the thymine (T) with a similar base called uracil (U) |
|
|
Term
| What are the four possible bases DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)? |
|
Definition
| adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), or cytosine (C) |
|
|
Term
| Base-Pairing: What is the complimentary strand to this DNA strand: CCCCTTAGGAACC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The two intertwining spirals fit together because only two combinations of bases pair up together. The base A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G. |
|
|
Term
| Base-Pairing: What is the complimentary strand to this RNA strand: CCCCTTAGGAACC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) |
|
Definition
| Holds the genetic information to build an organism |
|
|
