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| Buddha of the Present - sage of the Shakya clan |
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class: - brahim (priest)
- kshatriya (warrior)
- vaishya (farmer, artisan)
- shudra (laborer)
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Life stages: - student
- householder
- forest dweller
- renunciant
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| "One who Strives" - wanderers/ascetics |
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- Sujata offers rice water; believes Siddhartha is a tree spirit
- Sits under pipal Tree
- "I will not rise from this position on the ground till I achieve the completion of my task"
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| Awakening - being in the process of awakening |
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| The Awakened One - Teacher |
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| the one who is "thus gone" |
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- Buddha - Teacher
- Dharma - Teaching
- Sandha - Community
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Three Baskets 1) Sutra (discources) 2) Vinaya (Monastic Code) 3) Abhidharma (Further Teachings) |
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| "Collections" of sutras in the Pali Canon |
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| 1st Mark of Existence - Suffering |
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| 2nd Mark of Existence - Impermanence |
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| 3rd Mark of Existence - No Self |
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Skandas: aggregates that make up our notion of "self"/literally "heaps"
- Form
- Sensations
- Perceptions
- Formations
- Consciousness
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Further or Higher Teachings and systematization of Buddha's discources |
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4th Circle: not explanation of how suffering originates in the cosmos The 12 Nidanas: 1. Ignorance, 2. Karmic Formation, 3. Consciousness, 4. Name Form (Body & Mind), 5. Six Senses, 6. Contact, 7. Feeling, 8. Craving, 9. Grasping, 10. Becoming, 11. Birth, 12. Death/Decay |
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"The Wheel of Existence" 3 Parts: Klesha, Karma, Phala |
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law: process of cause and effect Literally "Action" 2nd Circle - Left Side --> going up (positive action)
- Right Side --> going down (negative action)
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negative emotion 1st circle: 3 Animals (all craving) - Passion: Peacock (Rooster)
- Aggression: Snake
- Ignorance: Boar
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"Results" :: 3rd Circle - Lower Half - Animal Rhealm: ignorance, Hunger Rhealm: ghosts (pretas), Hell Rhealm: various hells
- Higher Half - God Rhealm (not immortal), Demi-God, Human
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| world as a cycle - cyclic existence |
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| lord of death - overseer of Wheel of Existence |
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- Aggression
- Ignorance
- Passion
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- Body: No Killing, No Stealing, No Sexual Misconduct
- Speech: No Lying, No Sowing Discord, No Harsh Speech, No Idle Chatter
- Mind: No Covetousness, No Harmful Thoughts, No Wrong View
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| 4 Aspects of a Karmic Act |
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- Basic -->Identifies stag as prey
- Intention --> wish to slay the stag
- Execution --> Kill the stag
- Completion --> The stag Dies
- Also can end in Rejoicing -->satisfaction at its death (loses basic)
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"Nishaya" - To eat only food given as alms
- To dress in rags
- To live under trees
- To use cow uring as medicine
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| 4 Foundations of Mindfulness |
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- Body - Breathe, body, scan, corpse
- Sensation/feeling - pleasure, pain, neutral
- Mind/Consciousness - one's state of mind
- Mental objects:
- unwholesome states to abandon
- wholesome states to cultivate
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Calm Abiding - one-pointedness, concentration
Cultivation of: - Samadhi - concentration
- Dhyana - meditative absorption
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Insight - penetrate nature of reality
- Goal to cut out ignorance
Insight into: - 4 noble truths, dependent arising, 3 marks of existence
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- Loving Kindness
- Compassion
- Sympathetic Joy
- Equanimity
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Meditation - "Literally Concentration" - Right Effort
- Right Mindfulness
- Right Concentration
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"Wheel-turning King" - dharmaraja: righteous monarch
- wheel of dharma: transcendent/religious aims
- wheel of state: wordly aims/political harmony
- Ashoka as model for kingship in SE Asia
- Protector of Buddhism & prosperity of Kingdom
- Builder of Stupas, guardian of relics & images, patron of the monastic order
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- Burial mound
- garbha or womb
- Mt. Meru as sacred center
- Parasol: emblem of kingship
- Pole/sprire: symbols of ascension
- Dome: contains relics (enlightened bones)
- Circumabulatory route at base
- 4 gates at cardinal directions
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Parinirvana - The Physical Death of The Buddha
What this painting shows is the historic Buddha lying recumbent on a bed or a dais. His body is painted with gold to suggest his divinity. He's wrapped in robes and up above, even his mother—who is long deceased—is descending from the heavens to come witness this momentous occasion: the death of her son, and his passage into nirvana.(2) His devoted followers, divine beings, disciples, and holy men—but also representatives from the animal world—surround him. |
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Physical world, the body
5 sense faculties and 5 sense objects, plus 1 |
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| Classification of sensory stimuli |
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| thoughts, intentions, emotions |
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The Empty Throne
Footprints
Empty throne under the Bodhi - Tree
Wheel of Dharma: his teaching |
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Early Buddha Images (1st c. CE)
From Gandhara and Mathura |
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- Reenacts night of Buddha's nirvana
- Chanting of pirit scriptures
- Monks and Laity hold thread
- "Charge" image with "fiery energy" of Buddha's achieved realization
- Instructing the image
- Offer image of rice milk before removing cloth/wax over eyes - "enlivens image" and preformed at dawn |
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- dana: generosity
- aims/ offerings to "field of merit" |
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- Unified India, reigned 270-232 BCE
- Mauryan Empire (321 - 185 BCE)
- Battle of Kalinga and conversion to Buddhism
- Edicts begin: "The king, beloved of the Gods, Piyadassi, speaks thus..." |
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- collection of relics from eight "drona" stupas
- distribution of relics to each city w/pop of 100,000
- symbolic reconstruction of Buddha's rupakaya in landscapes
- 84,000 mythic number of teachings/cells in Buddha's body
- Enshrined at same moment, "unveiling of the world"
- India constituted as a Buddhist kingdom |
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| Stupa as Mandala at Borobodur |
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| Boudha Stupa at Kathmandu |
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| site of Buddha's enlightenment |
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| his first sermon in Deer Park |
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| Buddha's Death and place of Parinirvana |
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| Buddha's aunt and step-mother who raised him |
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Elderly Man (Old age)
Sick Person (Disease)
Corpse (Death)
Shramana |
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| Three Watches of the Night |
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1st Watch: recollection of past lives
2nd Watch: casting divine eye across cosmos
3rd Watch: penetrating truth of causation |
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| "To blow out, to extinguish" |
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First at Rajagrika, 3 months after death
2nd at Vasali, 100yrs. later
3rd at Pataliputra, 3rd c. BCE |
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-Give yourself to others/joy in selflessness
-Equality of all living things
-Nonviolence, preventing harm
-Wisdom/knowledge about virtue
-Intention of care/compassion |
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-Lead by Example
-Generosity
-Self-Sacrifice
-Selflessness
-Devotion/commitment |
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-No grudges or vengeance
-Compassion
-Harming others harms oneself
-Kindness rubs off/inspires
-Controlling one's impulse |
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| Jataka Tales - King of Monkeys |
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-Good leader, follows virtue
-Kindness can change minds
-Joy in self-sacrifice
-Lead by example
-Kings should care for subjects |
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