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forensic science
na
33
Science
12th Grade
12/20/2009

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Cards

Term
What are 6 main methods of collection of hair?
Definition

1. collection of visually observed hairs. 

2. vacuming method, used for large crime scenes investigators. 

3. brushing, scraping, or shaking of garment or cloth. 

4. combing and clipping method.

5. place in bag method.

6. clear tape method.

Term
Why should tweezers not be used in the collection of hair?
Definition
Because they can cause damage to the structure of the hair.
Term
What are 4 classifications of medullae?
Definition
absent, fragmented interrupted, or continuous. 
Term
How do investigators observe scale patterns of hair?
Definition
They embed the hair into a liquid medium, often clear nail polish, and allow it to set. Once it is dried, hair leaves a cast of the outter scale.
Term
Name and explain 3 types of scale structure.
Definition

1. coronal: are symmetrical and overlapping one another, not found in humans.

2. petal: resemble a scale of a reptile, not found in humans.

3. umbricate: are overlapping and exhibit no pattern, found in humans.

Term
3 parts of a hair shaft.
Definition

1. Cuticle: clear outside covering of the hair shaft. 

2. cortex: made up of keratin molecules aligned parallel to the length of the shaft. 

3. medulla: row of cells running along the center of the cortex like a canal.

Term
3 stages of hair growth.
Definition

1. Anagen phase: when hairs are pulled out during this phase they may have follicular tissue attached. 

2. Catagen phase: intermediate stage.

3. Telogen phase: when the follicule is ready to push out the mature hair.

Term
measuring key bones, what four pieces of info. can be determined about the owner of the bones?
Definition
the race, height, and age of the skeleton at time of death.
Term
How do female's pelvis differ from males?
Definition
they are generally larger to allow the passage of a child.
Term
which part of the skeleton is the most important to determine race?
Definition
the skull
Term
which other part of the skeleton can be used to help determine the race?
Definition
femur
Term
which bones are best to determine the height of a person?
Definition
humerus, and femur.
Term
which direction means in front of something else?
Definition
anterior
Term
which direction means away from the midline of the body?
Definition
lateral.
Term
which direction means something is higher than something else?
Definition
superior.
Term
which direction means farther away from any point of reference?
Definition
distal.
Term
which direction means in back of something else?
Definition
posterior.
Term
which direction means is lower than something else?
Definition
inferior.
Term
which direction means closer to?
Definition
proximal.
Term
which direction means toward the midline of the body?
Definition
medial.
Term
forensic science:
Definition
the study and application of science to legal matters.
Term
6 types of laws in the U.S. criminal justice system:
Definition

1. statutory law: written law: based on the constitution. 

2. civil law: deals with the relationships between individuals.

3. criminal law: deals with offenses against an individual. 

4. equity law: remedial or preventative.

5. public law: the regulation and enforcement of rights.

6. administrative law: the law dictated by the IRS.

Term
misdemeanor:
Definition
a minor crime.
Term
felony:
Definition
a major crime.
Term
probable cause:
Definition
evidence that a crime was committed and the accused committed it.
Term
miranda rights:
Definition
statements read to a person at arrest.
Term
direct/testimonial evidence:
Definition
evidence in the form of a statement made under oath.
Term
physical evidence:
Definition
any object or material that is relevant in a crime.
Term
rules of evidence:
Definition
define what evidence is admissible and how it can be used for jury.
Term
frye standard:
Definition
states that scientific evidence must be given by an expert witness and have gained general acceptance in the relevant field of study.
Term
daubert ruling:
Definition
states that the trial judge must assume responsibility based on guidelines given.
Term
individualized evidence:
Definition
evidence that can be traced back to the to a single source.
Term
class evidence:
Definition
evidence that is found to be consistent with a particular source. (hair, fibers, soil, glass)
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