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Details Title: Forces Shaping Earth Description: Chapter 7 Total Flash Cards: 38 Created: 01/10/2006 07:45:38	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term inner core Definition solid; innermost layer of Earth's interior tha tis the hottest part of Earth and experiences the greatest amount of pressure Term outer core Definition layer of Earth that lies above the innercore and is thought to be composed mostly of molten metal Term Mt. Everest Definition the highest mountain peak in the world is _________________ in the Himalaya in Tibet. Term four main types of mountains Definition "fault-block, folded, upwarped, & volcanic" Term ruggedness Definition The ______________ of a mountain chain depends largely on whether or not it is still forming. Term fault-block mountains Definition "sharp, jagged mountains made of huge, tilted blocks of rock that are separated from surrounding rock by faults and form because of pulling forces" Term folded mountain   Definition mountain that forms by the folding of rock layers caused by compressive forces Term upwarped mountain   Definition mountain that forms when forces inside Earth push up the crust Term volcanic mountain   Definition mountain that forms when magma is forced upward and flows onto Earth's surface Term isostasy   Definition principle stating that Earth's crust and lithosphere float on the upper part of the mantle Term inner Definition core solid(mostly of iron); innermost layer of Earth's interior that is the hottest; under tremendous pressure Term outer Definition core liquid layer of Earth that lies above the inner core and is thought to be composed mostly of molten metal Term waves Definition disturbances that carry energy through matter or space Term earthquake Definition "When an ______________ occurs, energy is carried through objects by waves." Term speed Definition The _____________ of waves depends on the density and nature of the material they are traveling through. Term seismic waves Definition "waves that speed up in some areas, slow down in others areas, and can be bent or stopped" Term pressure Definition ______________________ increases because more material is pushing toward Earth's center as a result of gravity. Term mantle Definition largest layer of Earth's interior that lies above the outer core and is solid yet flows slowly Term crust Definition thinnest layer Term crust Definition "Earth's outermost layer, which is thin-nest under the oceans and thickest through the mountains and contains all features of Earth's surface" Term Earth's surface Definition All features on __________ _____________ are part of the crust. Term mantle Definition makes up the majority of Earth's mass Term earthquakes & exposure by erosion of rocks Definition What geological events have allowed scientists to study Earth's interior? Term lithosphere Definition "rigid, upper part of Earth's mantle and crust" Term plate boundaries Definition where the edges of different plates meet Term "mountains, huge rift valleys, or faults" Definition plate boundaries can cause Term faults Definition large fracture in rock along which movement occurs Term tension Definition plates move apart as a result of ____________ (pulling forces) that act in opposite directions on each plate Term sliding plates Definition "When plates slide along each other, earthquakes commonly occur. Earthquakes are the result of energy that builds up at thes boundaries & then is released suddenly." Term colliding plates Definition "When plates collide, the tremendous force causes mountains like the Andes in South America to form." Term Separating plates Definition "When plates move apart, new crust forms to fill in the gap between the plates. This new crust is less dense tha the surrounding cooler crust, which often causes a high ridge to form." Term continental-continental collisions Definition "Two continental plates have similar densities. As a result, they buckle and fold when they collide, piling up into high mountain ranges, such as the Himalaya." Term continental-oceanic collisions Definition "When a continental plate collides with an oceanic p late, the more dense oceanic p late slides underneath the continental plate, forming volcanoes." Term oceanic-oceanic collisions Definition "The collisions of two oceanic plates causes subduction, which forms a deep ocean trench where the plates meet. Erupting lava forms islands near the trench. " Term slide Definition "Plates can not only move toward and away from one another, but can also _____________ past one another." Term gravity and convection of the mantle Definition Two possible explanations of why plates move Term ridge-push plate movement Definition "occurs at mid-ocean ridges, which are higher than surrounding ocean floor; plates respond to gravity by sliding down the slope" Term slab-pull plate movement Definition "occurs as the plates move away from the mid-ocean ridges an become cooler, which makes them more dense; a plate can get so dense that it sinks when it collides with another plate (subduction)"