4 mL/kg for the 1st 10 kg

2 mL/kg for the 2nd 10 kg

1 mL/kg for the rest

aka KG + 40 

LR

NS

2 or 5% saline

D51/2 NS

D5LR

D5NaCl

D5W

0.25% NS

0.45% NS

2.5% Dextrose 

Increase Hgb 1 g/dL

Hct by 2-3%

For every 1 unit of blood:

1 FFP

10 units of blood= 1-10 pk of plt 

2/3 ICF

1/3 ECF

14 IVF?

Capillary Pressure

Plasma Colloid Pressure

ISF Pressure

ISF Colloid Pressure

K+

PO4

Mg

Protein 

Na

Ca

Cl

Bicarb 

Contain 4 mEq of K

Can cause metabolic alkalosis when liver breaks down lactate into bicarb 

< 750 ml

Give crystalloid

0-15% of blood loss 

750-1500 ml

Give crystalloid

15-30% of blood loss 

1500-2000

Give crystalloid and blood

30-40% of blood loss 

2000 or more

Give crystalloid and blood

> 40%

Most significant consequence is cerebral edema

Causes Seziures, coma, agitation, confusion, HA, NV, cramps, weakness

No more than 1-2 mEq/L/hr

10-15 mmol/L in 24 hours 

6-7.5: Peaked T waves

7.5-8: Wide QRS, flat p wave

>8.5: V-fib and cardiac arrest 

Calcium chloride to stablize the membrane- 10 ml of 10% over 10 mins

Sodium Bicarb

10 units of insulin and D50W 

Kayexcelate and Lasix 

Numbness, weakness, spasms/hyperreflexia

Tetany- Chvosteks and Trousseaus

Seizures

Replacement of estimated blood volume within 24 hours

Replacement of 50% of blood volume in 3 hrs or less

Tranfusion of more than 10 units whole blood