Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid loss from skin and lungs |
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Definition
| fluid loss from urination, defecation, wounds and other means |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fluid found outside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid which surrounds the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Plasma, the liquid portion of the blood. |
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Definition
| fluid in the cerbrospinal column, pleural cavity, lymph system, joints and eyes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Charged particles capable of producing electricity. |
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Term
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Definition
has the same solute concentration as another solution. No net fluid shift.
Example: normal saliene- the concentration of sodium in the soultion nearly equals the concentration of sodium in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
When a less concentrated, soultion is placed nxt to a more concentrated solution fluid shifts from the hypotonic solution into the more concentrated compartment to equalize concentrations.
Example: Half normal saline |
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Term
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Definition
fluid will move out of theless concentrated solution into the more concentrated or hypertonic solution unitl both solutions have the same amt of solutes of fluid
Ex: Dextrose 5% NS- it is greater than the concentration of solutes in teh pts blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Water molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Passive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving molecules and Ions against a concentration gradient from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. It require energy which is usually ATP, example- sodium-potassium pump |
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Term
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Definition
Increase blood volume from severe blood loss or plasma loss
Examples: Albumin, Dextran, Plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| Water and Electrolytes are lost or gained in EQUAL proportions |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss or gain of water only. |
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Term
Fluid volume deficit
Hypovolemia |
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Definition
| Body loses water and electrolytes from ECF |
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Term
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Definition
Abnormal loss from skin, GI tract or kidneys. Decreased fluid intake, Massive bleeding.
Examples: Excessive diuretic or laxative use, V/N/D, NGT drainage, hemmorage, frank or occult. |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of fluid out of the intravascular space into another body space such as the abdominal cavitiy (stays in the body not the vascular space) |
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Term
| Increased risk for hypovolemia |
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Definition
| bowel, inflammed tissue, burns, crush injuries, pelvis or hip fracturs, pleural effusions, intestinal obstructions, hypoalbuminemia |
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Term
| People at increased risk for hypovolemia |
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Definition
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Term
Assessment for hypovolemia
(Name at least 4) |
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Definition
| Increased respirations and heart rate, subnormal temps, orthostasis, weight loss, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine volume, dark malodorous urine, increased specific gravity, increased HCT, alter LOC and confusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Restore fluid volume, replace electrolytes as needed, and eliminate cause of fluid volume deficit. |
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Term
| Interventions for hypovolemia |
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Definition
| Assess vital signs, weight, tissue turgor, neck and hand vein filling, mucus membranes, bowel sounds and breath sounds, mointor labs, I &O, daily weight, adminster fluids PO & IV (isotonic NS or LR) |
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Term
Hypovolemic shock
(what to do) |
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Definition
| EMERGENCY! multiple fluid challenges given to restore circulating volume. IV therapy, blood transfusions, drugs to support blood pressure, o2 therapy and treat cause. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body retains water and sodium in similar proportions and the serum Na concentration remains essentially normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive intake of salt, rapid adminstration of sodium-containing infusions, excessive irrigation of body cavities or organs, agressive fluid replacements, blood or plasma infusions, use of hypertonic fluids, disease proccesses causing altered regulatory mechanisms. |
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Term
Assessment of hypervolemia
(name at least 4) |
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Definition
| Weight gain, difficutly breathing, legs swollen, fingers and feet swollen (pitting or nonpitting), mental confusion, tachycardia, full bounding pulses, increased BP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Interventions for hypervolemia |
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Definition
| assess s/sx of overload, monitor daily weight, vs, I&O, assess and doc. edema, assess breath sounds, pulse oximeter, and heart sounds, position in high folers, monitor labs and chest xray, restrict fluid and NA, diuretics as ordered, and do client teaching. |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain fluid balance, prevent respiratory (pulmonary edema) and cardiovascular complications (CHF) and eliminate cause of overload. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water lost from body without signif. loss of electrolytes causing increased serum osmolality and increased serum sodium levels. (Hypernatremia) |
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Term
| Cellular dehydration= dehydration |
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Definition
| water is drawn into the intravascular space from the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased water intake, decreased thrist sensation, prolonged fever, enteral feedings (tube) without sufficient water intake. |
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Term
| People at most risk for dehydration |
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Definition
| infants, confused or comatose patients, elderly, brian injuries or inadequate production of ADH |
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Term
| Assessment for dehydration |
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Definition
| irritability, confusion, dizziness, weakness, extreme thirst, fever, dry skin and mucus membrane, sucken eyeballs, poor turgor, decrease urine output, increased heart rate with falling blood pressure |
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Term
| Interventions for dehydration |
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Definition
| assess vs, weight, tissue turgor, neck and hand vein filling, mucus membranes bowel sounds and breath sounds, monitor daily weight, I &O, labs, monitor LOC, orientation and seizure precautions, assist with mobility, positioning (orthostasis), safety and skin care, mouth care |
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Term
| Fluids to adminster for dehydration |
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Definition
| isotonic NS or LR or hypotonic fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| Water intoxication. water is gained in excess of electrolytes causing low serum osmolality and low serum sodium levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| water is drawn into the cells causing them to swell. |
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Term
| Overhydration can lead too... |
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Definition
| cerebral edema, impaired neurological function and death |
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Term
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Definition
| fluids and electrolytes lost at equal balance but only water is replaced, SIADH, malignant tumors, aids, head injury, drug adminstration, psychogenic polydipsia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
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