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Flashcards 2
Greeks
45
History
10th Grade
09/15/2015

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Term
Geographically Greece is 80% ______________ and no place lies more than 60 miles from the coast which influences their development into seafarers.
Definition
mountains
Term
During the Dark Ages, many left the mainland and settled in western Asia Minor in an area known as ________.
Definition
Ionia
Term
The first Greek civilization was the ______________ that most likely destroyed the civilization on Crete and discovered by Heinrich Schliemann .
Definition
Mycenaens
Term
We know most about the Dark Ages because _________ who wrote epic poems.
Definition
Homer
Term
__________ and __________ are two epic poems that classical Greeks used for their past and to define what was ideal Greek characteristics called Arete.
Definition
Iliad; Odyssey
Term
_____________ and _____________ are the two peninsulas that make up Greece.
Definition
Peloponnese; Attica
Term
What was not a part of Arete?
Definition
anger and strength
Term
During the Bronze Age, a non-Greek civilization was founded on the island of Crete called the ___________ named for their king and discovered by Sir Arther Evans.
Definition
Minoans
Term
Spartan society was a _______________ or a rule of a few.
Definition
Oligarchy
Term
For the Greeks there are two places that they met most often, the ______ or highest point in the city used for temples and a fortified location if invaded and the ________ or marketplace.
Definition
Acropolis; Agora
Term
______________ was a way to check power of ambitious people in Athens by having a vote to make someone leave for 10 years (still kept their stuff though).
Definition
Ostracism
Term
One big change in fighting for the Greeks was the use of infantry called _____________ (named for the shields) and the ____________ which is mastered by the Spartans.
Definition
Hoplites; Phalanx
Term
In Sparta there are 5 _________ (overseers) who were responsible for educating the youth and the conduct of all citizens.
Definition
Ephors
Term
After a long list of tyrants in Athens, __________ came to be the archon and gets rid of Draco's harsh laws, frees poor from debt, makes the aristocracy happy by not taking everything, and wants people to focus on trade so they aren't tied to the land.
Definition
Solon
Term
Sparta was not all super awesome as we see in "300" and often lost. After they won a couple of times, they knew they couldn't beat both a foreign enemy and the __________ or captured/slaves that outnumbered them 10:1.
Definition
Helots
Term
One key trade area for the Greeks was the colony on the Bosporus and Hellespont Straits called _____________ (now Istanbul).
Definition
Byzantium
Term
Athens became the leader of the Greeks after the Persian War by creating a defensive alliance against the Persians called the ________ ___________ named for the island it was headquartered on.
Definition
Delian League
Term
Where is the last battle of the Persian War where the Greeks win the war?
Definition
Platae
Term
The Greeks, specifically Athens, first get the attention of the Persians when they aid in the ___________ __________ which resulted in the burning of the city of Sardis beginning the Persian War
Definition
Ionian Uprising/Revolt
Term
__________ was the Spartan leader and __________ was the Athenian leader in the Persian War.
Definition
Leonidas; Themistocles
Term
After Darius's death, his son, ____________, swears revenge on the Greeks and amasses a huge army and navy to conquer the Greeks.
Definition
Xerxes
Term
Darius responded to the Athenians aid in Asia Minor with an attack at _____________ (roughly 26.2 miles from Athens) where the Athenians, unaided by the Spartans, had 'victory' over the Persians.
Definition
Marathon
Term
Though movies exaggerate it, the battle of _____________ (spell the best you can) did consisted of 300 Spartans but also thousands of other Greeks defending the mountain pass against the Persians.
Definition
Thermopalye
Term
Fighting between the Greeks, namely Sparta and Athens, was known as the _________________ War (spell the best you can) that eventually ended in the Spartans winning and the weakening of the city states.
Definition
Peloponessian
Term
Using analysis of the battles (land and sea) of the Persian War, what would be the overall key reason the Greeks were able to stop the much larger Persian army?
Definition
The Greeks were fighting a defensive war and picked key defensive places to fight.
Term
The Age of __________ was a time following the Persian War that expanded the Athenian Empire and creates direct democracy.
Definition
Pericles
Term
Alexander the Great did many things in his reign. The most important for culture would be the spread of Greek culture through imitation called the __________________ Age.
Definition
Hellenistic
Term
As the Greek city-states were fighting each other, a Macedonian named ___________ II was growing stronger and eventually united all the Greeks in order to fight the Persians.
Definition
Philip
Term
Estimated the Earth was round and its circumference w/in 185 miles
Definition
Erotasthenes
Term
Responsible for Geometry
Definition
Euclid
Term
Invented the screw, calculated pi, specific gravity
Definition
Archimedes
Term
Happiness was the only true good- avoid drama, find friendship
Definition
Epicurus
Term
Not wanting more than needed and mastering your desires would lead to being morally good
Definition
Stoicism
Term
Home of the Greek Gods
Definition
Mount Olympus
Term
Place to learn the will of the gods through priestesses and priest- puzzling and vague
Definition
Oracle at Delphi
Term
Wrote Orestia and Prometheus Bound
Definition
Aeschylus
Term
Wrote Oedipus Rex about destiny
Definition
Sophocles
Term
1st Realist- protrayed war as horrible and questioned tradition
Definition
Euripides
Term
Wrote about the Persian War and seen as the 1st historian though often elaborated facts
Definition
Herodotus
Term
Wrote about the Peloponnesian War and emphasized accuracy over story telling
Definition
Thucydides
Term
Mathematician, said the universe was explain through music and numbers
Definition
Pythagoras
Term
Professional teachers, taught speaking and debate
Definition
Sophist
Term
Developed a method to get people to examine their knowledge and life, embarrassed many, was sentenced to death, comitted suicide
Definition
Socrates
Term
Wrote The Republic which focused on a just government, wrote down Socrates's ideas
Definition
Plato
Term
Wrote Politics, focused on the best kind of government not the perfect; believed we need happiness through virtues
Definition
Aristotle
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