Gene 

 A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the...: "proteins coded directly by genes"

Chromosome 

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form.

Allele

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Genotype 

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Phenotype 

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

 Punnett Square

A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Random Segregation

During meiosis, the two chromosomes of a pair are distributed randomly to the gametes, each gamete having an equal chance of receiving.

Crossing Over

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.

Independent Assortment

Mendelian inheritance (or Mendelian genetics or Mendelism) is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.

Fertilization

The action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Zygote

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

Dominant

An allele or a gene that is expressed in an organism’s phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele or gene when present.

Recessive

Relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both.

Homozygous

Having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci; "these two fruit flies are homozygous for red eye color".

Heterozygous

Having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci; "heterozygous for eye color".

Autosomal Inheritance

The transmission of single-gene traits from generation to generation follows one of several basic patterns, depending on the location.

X-Linked Inheritance

A gene on the X chromosome passed through a family, resulting in a specific trait or disease to be seen more commonly in males than.

Complete Dominance

The type of inheritance in which both heterozygotes and dominant homozygotes have the same phenotype.

Codominance

Dominance in genetics is a non-linear relationship between different forms (alleles) of a gene and the resultant phenotype.

Incomplete Dominance

Dominance in genetics is a non-linear relationship between different forms (alleles) of a gene and the resultant phenotype.