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Definition
| An objective measure of poverty, defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or health care (page 204) |
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| A description characterizing workers who perform manual labor (page 191) |
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| A form of social stratification in which status is determined by one's family history and background and cannot be changed (page 188) |
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| A social system with very little opportunity to move from one class to another (page 203) |
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| The system of segregation of racial and ethnic groups that was legal in South Africa between 1948 and 1991 (page 189) |
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| The tastes, habits, expectations, skills, knowledge, and other cultural dispositions that help us gain advantages in society (page 197) |
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| Antrenched attitudes that can develop among poor communities and lead the poor to accept their fate rather than attempt to improve their lot (page 209) |
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| The experience of unequal access to computer and internet technology, both globally and within the United States (page 207) |
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| The removal of the rights of citizenship through economic, political, or legal means (page 211) |
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| Consciousness awareness of one's own social status and that of others (page 198) |
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| A system of social stratification based on a hereditary nobility who were responsible for and served by a lower stratum of forced laborers called serfs (page 194) |
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| Choosing romantic partners who are dissimilar to us in terms of class, race, education, religion, and other social group membership (page 205) |
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Definition
| Choosing romantic partners who are similar to us in terms of class, race, education, religion, and other social group membership (page 205) |
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| Horizontal social mobility |
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Definition
| The occupational movement of individuals or groups within a social class (page 203) |
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Definition
| Marrying "up" in the social class hierarchy (page 205) |
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Definition
| Marrying "down" in the social class hierarchy (page 205) |
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| Intergenerational mobility |
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Definition
| Movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next (page 203) |
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| Intragenerational mobility |
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Definition
| The movement between social classes that occurs during the course of an individual's lifetime (page 203) |
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Definition
| Argues that people have a deep need to see the world as orderly, predictable, and fair, which creates a tendency to view victims of social injustice as deserving of their fates (page 210) |
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| a system in which rewards are distributed based on merit (page 213) |
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Definition
| Composed primarily of "white collar" workers with a broad range of incomes; they constitute about 30 percent of the U.S. population white collar a description characterizing workers and skilled laborers in technical and lower-management jobs (page 191) |
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Definition
| A social system with ample opportunities to move from one class to another (page 203) |
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| The social honor people are given because of their membership in well-regarded social groups (page 194) |
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Definition
| A relative measure of poverty based on the standard of living in a particular society (page 204) |
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Definition
| The geographical separation of the poor from the rest of the population (page 210) |
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| A loosely knit movement that opposes consumerism and encourages people to work less, earn less, and spend less, in accordance with nonmaterialistic values (page 215) |
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Definition
| The most extreme form of social stratification, based on the legal ownership of people (page 187) |
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Definition
| A system of stratification based on access to such resources as wealth, property, power, and prestige (page 189) |
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Term
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Definition
| The unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society (page 187) |
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Definition
| The movement of individuals or groups within the hierarchal system of social classes (page 203) |
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Definition
| The tendency of social classes to remain relatively stable as social class status is passed down from one generation to the next (page 196) |
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Definition
| The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy (page 187) |
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| Socioeconomic status (SES) |
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Definition
| A measure of an individual's place within a social class system; often used interchangeably with "class" (page 189) |
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Definition
| a situation in which there are serious differences between the different elements of an individual's socioeconomic status (page 191) |
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| Changes in the social status of large numbers of people due to structural changes in society (page 203) |
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| The poorest Americans who are chronically unemployed and may depend on public or private assistance; they constitute about 5 percent of the U.S. population (page 191) |
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| A largely self-sustaining group of the wealthiest people in a class system; in the United States, they constitute about 1 percent of the population and possess most of the wealth of the country (page 190) |
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| Mostly professionals and managers who enjoy considerable financial stability, they constitute about 14 percent of the U.S. population (page 190) |
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| The movement between different class statuses, often called either upward mobility or downward mobility (page 203) |
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Definition
| A measure of net worth that includes income, property, and other assets (page 194) |
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Term
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Definition
| A description characterizing workers and skilled laborers in technical and lower-management jobs (page 191) |
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Term
| Working class or lower-middle class |
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Definition
| Mostly "blue collar" or service industry workers who are less likely to have a college degree; they constitute about 30 percent of the U.S. population (page 191) |
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Term
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Definition
| Poorly educated workers who work full-time but remain below the poverty line; they constitute about 20 percent of the U.S. population (page 191) |
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Term
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Definition
| keeps the poor from acquiring assets (like real estate) that might allow them to rise out of poverty and move to a more affluent neighborhood |
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Definition
| the inability to see the ways in which we may be oppressed. |
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Term
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Definition
| a term that merges "free" with "vegan" (a person who eats no animal products). Freegans are people who avoid consumerism and who engage in strategies to support themselves without participating in a conventional economic system. |
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