Term
| Uses of cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
| Alzheimer's disease (symptom development reduction), reversal of NDMR (an anesthesia), Myasthenia gravis (disease with antibodies against Ach receptors) tx, Central Anticholinergic syndrome (dry as a bone..etc) tx |
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Term
| Tacrine mode of action? Use? SE? |
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Definition
| Non-specific cholinesterase inhibitor (AChE and BuChE = butyrylcholine found mostly in liver/periphery), Alzheimer tx. SE: Nausea, vomiting and liver damage (enzymes up) |
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Term
| Donepezil mode of action and advantage? Use? Halflife? |
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Definition
More selective ChEI (for ACh in the CNS) = less BuChE inhibition in periphery and less hepatoxicity. Alzheimer's tx
t1/2 = 70 hrs so once a day drug |
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Term
| Rivastigmine mode of action, use? |
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Definition
| AChE and BuChE inhibitor, Alzheimer's tx |
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Term
| Tubocurarine mode of action, effect |
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Definition
| Type of curare (isoquinoline alkaloids) that blocks ACh receptors (nicotinic) at neuromuscular junction, relaxation/paralysis of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthetic curare, muscle relaxation |
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Term
| Malouetine, mode of action, effect |
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Definition
| African aminosteroid that blocks neuromuscular junction, muscle relaxation |
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Term
| 3 components of anesthesia |
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Definition
| 1)analgesia like fentanyl 2)sedative like lorazepam 3)NDMR (non-depolarizing muscle relaxant) like pancuronium |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic aminosteriod NDMR (non-depoloarizing muscle relaxant) |
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Term
| Edrophonium mode of action, effect, advantage, SE?, reversal of its effect? |
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Definition
| AChE inhibitor w/o CNS penetration, reversal of NDMR, fewer muscarinic effects than neostigmine and distribution terminates after 10 min (low potency); SE: Brochoconstriction, bronchospasm, bradycardia ... Note: don't use atropine to reverse, goes into CNS, use glycopyrrolate (muscarinic blocker w/o BBB penetration) |
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Term
| Neostigmine, mode of action, effect |
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Definition
| AChE inhibitor w/o CNS penetration, NDMR reversal (most potent/common) |
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Term
| Myasthenia gravis drug types? |
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Definition
| Immunosuppressants, steriods (reduce reactivity of immune system), AChE-Inhibitors...also thymectomy |
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Term
| Methotrexate mode of action, use, drug interaction |
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Definition
| immunosuppressant (low dose) = inhibitor of T cell activation and suppression of intercellular adhesion molecule expression, Myasthenia gravis tx; decreased excretion when used along with penicillin like antibiotics (renal tubular competition) |
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Term
| cyclosporin A mode of action, use |
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Definition
| immunosuppressant, binds to cyclophilin (immunophilin) of T-lymphocytes. This inhibits calcineurin which normally activates transcription of IL2; myasthenia gravis tx |
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Term
| Pyridostigmine mode of action, use, SE? |
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Definition
| AChE inhibitor w/o CNS penetration (more potent/long acting than other AChE inhibitors; first-line tx of Myasthenia gravis, preemptive tx before potential OP/nerve gas exposure; SE: can antagonize muscle relaxants (that block ACh receptors) |
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Term
| Tacrolimus mode of action, use |
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Definition
| immunosuppressant (calcineurin inhibitor like cyclosporin), myasthenia gravis tx (gradual reduction of anti-AChR antibodies) |
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Term
| Organophosphates, toxic effects |
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Definition
| Pesticides that inhibit AChE; DUMBBELLS (diarrhea, urination, mitosis, bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, emesis, lacrimation, laxation, salivation) |
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Term
| Treatment of OP (organophosphate poisoning) |
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Definition
| A FLOP (Atropine [anti-cholinergic], FLuid [atropine makes dry], Oxygen, Pralidoxime [removes OP from Cholinesterase, reactivates] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Physostigmine mode of action, use |
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Definition
| Cholinesterase inhibitor that penetrates BBB. Used in ordeal by poison, counters Central Anticholinergeic Syndrome (mad as a hatter, dry as a bone, red as a beet, hot as a hare, blind as a bat). |
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Term
| Random facts: K effects on digitoxicity, QRS widened in? Verapamil effect on ventricular arrhythmias? insulin inotropic effect? dopamine effect on renal perfusion? |
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Definition
| hyperkalemia enhances acute, hypokalemia enhances chronic; QRS widened in ventricular arrhthymias, verapamil is counterindicated, slows heart/lowers bp w/o need; insulin most potent inotrope; low dose dopamine increases renal perfusion |
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