Term
| Tube-like structures (cells) that transport water (xylem) and organic material (phloem) |
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Definition
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Term
| Contain xylem, phloem, and fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Dominant generation of vascular plants |
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Definition
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Term
| Resemble a whisk broom, No true leaves or roots, have rhizomes (horizontal underground stems), aerial stems with sporangia that carry on, Seedless vascular plant |
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Definition
| Psilotophytes (Whisk fern) |
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Term
| Most common seedless vascular plants, Found in mostly moist temperature regions, Fronds (leaves) that grow from horizontal stems (rhizomes), Needs water to reproduce, Leaflets have flagellated sperm |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins with the 2n diploid sporophyte which yields sporangium which yields spores via meiosis which yields the n haploid gametophyte which yields sperm and egg which yields a zygote via fertilization which yields an embryo which yields a sporophyte, The gameophyte is usually not seen |
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Definition
| Life cycle of Seedless vascular plants |
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Term
| Develop from fiddleheads that uncurl when mature |
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Definition
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Term
| Packets of sporangia found on the underside of a leaf |
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Definition
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Term
| Seed Producing plants, 4 divisions: Cycads, Ginkos, Gnetophytes, and conifers |
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Definition
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Term
| Seed producing, cone-bearing desert plants |
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Definition
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Term
| Seed producing plants, Pines, firs, spruce, and cedars, Needle-like leaves, no flowers or fruit |
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Definition
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Term
| Produced in clusters, pollen is the male gameophyte |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Flowering plants, seeds enclosed in a fruit, many herbaceous (nonwoody: green and soft), some are perennial (living 2 years or more), others are annuals (living only 1 growing season) |
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Definition
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Term
| Either herbaceous or woody, flower parts in 4s or 5s, net venation, vascular bundles arranged in a circular pattern in then stem, two cotyledons, kidney beans |
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Definition
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Term
| Almost all herbaceous, floral parts in 3s or multiples of 3s, parallel venation, scattered vascular bundles in the stem, one cotyledon (food storage area) |
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Definition
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Term
| Reproductive organ in angiosperms, consists of several layers of modified leaves attached to a modified stem tip (receptacle), sepals enclose and protect the flower before opening, petals attract pollinators |
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Definition
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Term
| Male part of angiosperms that whorl around the pistil, consist of filament and an anther |
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Definition
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Term
| Female part of angiosperms, consists of stigma, style, and ovary (becomes fruit) (contains ovules(becomes the seed)) |
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Definition
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Term
| The ovule consists of the megasporangium, the megasporocyte, and the integument, the megasporocyte gives rise to megaspores, one of which matures, the megaspore forms the megagameotophyte, the mature megagametophyte consists of antipodals, polar nuclei, and synergids |
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Definition
| Female activities of angiosperms |
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Term
| The anther contains pollen sacs, within the pollen sacs are microsporocytes, the microsporocytes give rise to microspores, the microspores mature into microgametophytes (pollen grains), inside of the pollen grain are sperm (nuclei) and a germ tube cell (forms the pollen tube) |
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Definition
| Male activities of angiosperms |
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Term
| Sperm and polar nuclei give rise to the endosperm (cotyledon), sperm and egg give rise to the embryo, results in a seed, a seed is a matured ovule |
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Definition
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Term
| The ovary and sometimes other floral parts develop into this, a mature ovary that contains seeds, as it develops, the ovary wall thickens, becoming the pericarp |
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Definition
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Term
| Derived from a single ovary (peaches and plums) |
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Definition
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Term
| Develop from several individual ovaries (either from the same flower or sometimes several flowers) (blackberries: aggregate fruit, pineapples: ovaries of different flowers fuse to form a multiple fruit) |
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Definition
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Term
| Forms the outer protective covering of a plant |
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Definition
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Term
| Fills the interior of a plant |
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Definition
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Term
| Transport water and minerals and organic nutrients and provides support |
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Definition
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Term
| Stem and branches; supports the leaves and transports water and organic nutrients throughout plant |
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Definition
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Term
| Used to be classified in the plant kingdom because they are nonmotile and have cell walls, cell wall is made of chitin, mitosis and meiosis are rather primitive in that many times the nuclear membrane remains and spindle fibers form within the nucleus, heterotrophic, mulicelluar, nonmotile, parasitic, used to make wine, cheese, and bread, edible, grow anywhere that is warm, moist, and has organic nutrients available |
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Definition
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Term
| Decomposers that are ecologically important in recycling nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| Secrete digestive enzymes into their environment, nutrient source is digested and then molecules are absorbed, made up of fine, branching, usually colorless threads, many be septate or nonseptate, may be multinucleated with no cross walls |
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Definition
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Term
| Each fungus will have vast numbers of hyphae, they intertwine to make up a tangled web, mostly hidden from human view, usually hidden deep within its food sources, remains undetected until it develops one or more fruiting bodies, containing the reproductive spores |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonseptate, usually reproduce asexually by forming spores in sporangia, may reproduce sexually by forming zygosporangium, produceds zygospores in zygosporangium |
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Definition
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Term
| A Zygomycete with aerial hyphae topped with black dots (sporangia), stolons: horizontal hyphae, rhizoids (root-like structures), Reproduction involves hyphae producing gametes that are separated from the rest of the hypha by a crosswall, gametes from two nearby hyphae fuse and produce a thick-walled zygospore that protects it during a period of dormancy, after dormancy, meiosis occurs and short hyphae grwo from the zygospore, the hyphae produce sporangia, which produce spores by asexual reproduction (mitosis) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sporangia produce _____ spores |
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Definition
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Term
| Zygosporangium _______ : meiosis -> _______ spores |
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Definition
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Term
| Cap throwers grow on horse or cattle dung |
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Definition
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Term
| Sac fungi, septate hyphae, 2 groups: sexual and asexual, produce ascospores in asci |
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Definition
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Term
| not produced in sporangia like most other asexual spores, develop at the tips of specialized hyphae (ringworm, athlete's foot, jock itch) |
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Definition
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Term
| Involves the production of conidiospores |
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Definition
| Asexual reproduction of ascomycetes |
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Term
| An Ascomycete that is black mold, sick building disease, produces a toxin that is harmful to humans who are exposed, flulike symptoms, fatigue, dermatitis, compromise the immune system |
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Definition
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Term
| An Ascomycete that is single celled, round or oval, asexual reproduction by budding, Candida which leads to oral thrush (yeast infection of the mouth), Infants: anttibiotics, mother's birth canal infected, decreased immune function, Adult thrush: immunocompromised, smokers, Vaginal infections: discharge, odor, irritation, itching |
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Definition
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Term
| An Ascomycete, fermentation: bread, wine, beer (bakers or brewers yeast), ferments sugars present in the flour or added to the dough, giving off CO2 and ethanol. CO2 is trapped as tiny bubbles in the dough, which rises |
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Definition
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Term
| An Ascomycete, produces penicillin which kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall synthesis, produces condiaspores, cheese such as Roquefort, Brie, Camembert, Stilton are ripened with species and are safe to eat, sexual reproduction by asci |
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Definition
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Term
| Powdery mildews grow on leaves on fruit, whitish/gray color that spreads quickly, may be more severe when N2 levels are low in the soil |
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Definition
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Term
| Produces spores on top of fruiting body, asci with spores |
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Definition
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Term
| Some are edible (gourmet), asci with spores |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasitize cereal crops such as wheat, corn, oats, and rye, economic important: destroy crops, parasitic sac fungus that infects rye, replaces the grain with hard, purple-black bodies make of hyphae, during bread making, the rye is ground and the fungus releases toxic chemicals that cause vomiting, muscle pain and lesions on hands and feet, hallucinations and hysteria, contains lysergic acid from which LSD is made, may have been invoved in the Salem witch trials |
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Definition
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Term
| Mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria (foliose: leafy looking, crustose, and fruticose: tiny shrub) |
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Definition
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Term
| Club fungi, mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs (basidiocarps), Produce basidiospores in basidia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A Basidiomycete, very tough and leathery or woody fruiting bodies, often plate-like and most grow out of tree trunks or rotting wood, some produce a new fruiting body every year, while others produce one which continues to grow year after year |
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Definition
| Polypores (Bracket fungi) |
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Term
| The fruiting body is an irregular ball, covered with rough scales and attached to the soil by a thick mycelial strand, Interior of the ball is filled with a dark, powdery spore mass, The spores are liberated by the ball breaking open irregularly as it matures |
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Definition
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Term
| Fungal mycelia tend to grow in more or less circular shapes. this is because they grow by spreading out in all directions from a central point, the central point represents the loaction of the original spre which germinated to start the fungal mycelium, the mycelium will usually produce fruiting bodies on its outer edge. as a result, the fruiting bodies of fungi living hidden in the soil can sometimes be found |
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Definition
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Term
| Multicellular, aerobic and heterotrophic, most are motile at some stage of the life cycle, sexual reproduction (some reproduce asexually as well), diplontic life cycle (diploid), gametes are heterogametes (different sizes), eggs are larger than sperm, gametes are produced by meiosis |
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Definition
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Term
| A fertilized animal egg divides to produce a solid ball of cells, cell migration results in a hollo ball |
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Definition
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Term
| Some cells of the blastual migrate inward producing |
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Definition
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Term
| The opening in a gastrula |
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Definition
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Term
| The tube produced by the embryonic development (blastula -> gastrula) will become the _______ of the mature animal |
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Definition
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Term
| In species that have a separate mouth and anus, the tube will eventually extend through the length of the embryo and fuse with the opposite side, one opening will become the mouth and the other will become the anus |
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Definition
| Digestive tract development |
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Term
| Sac-like gut with a gastrovascular cavity |
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Definition
| Incomplete digestive tract |
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Term
| Complete gut with two openings |
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Definition
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Term
| Have stages of embryonic development where mitotic cell divisions in embryos form primary tissue layer, 3 layers of tissues that arise during early embryonic development are |
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Definition
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Term
| Germ layers that give rise to body tissues |
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Definition
| Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm |
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Term
| Lining of the digestive tract |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Gives rise to muscle, internal organs, and connective tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Composed of cells that function together in a specialized activity , 4 types: epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| Composed of two or more tissues which function together to perform a common task |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of two or more organs which perform a specific task (integument, nervous, sensory) |
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Definition
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Term
| The body parts are arranged around a central axis so that each part extends from the center, the animal can be cut along the axis in more than one plane to produce identical halves, tend to be sessile organisms (immobile) |
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Definition
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Term
| Only one cut along the longitudinal axis will produce identical halves, best for motile animals |
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Definition
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Term
| No pattern of symmetry, the simplest animals (sponges) |
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Definition
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Term
| A space that separates the gut and internal organs from the rest of the body, it isolates the internal organs from body-wall movements, it also bathes the internal organs in a liquid through which nutrients and wastes can diffues |
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Definition
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Term
| Does not have a body cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| Has a body cavity located between the endoderm and mesoderm |
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Definition
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Term
| Body cavity located within the mesoderm |
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Definition
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Term
| The blastospore is associated with the mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| Blastopore associated with the anus |
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Definition
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Term
| Have interconnected repeating units, leads to specialization of body parts, can become differentia for specific purposes and have different parts and appendages attached to them |
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Definition
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Term
| A concentration of nerve and sensory cells in the head, accompanied the evolution of bilateral symmetry |
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Definition
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