Vermeer, Young Woman with a Water Jug, c. 1660; Baroque Naturalism- Dutch

he produced very little paintings b/c he worked very slow

philisophical painting for the market

brass pitcher is symbol of the home

she has been sewing and has hand on window sill

she has been caught between 2 possibilities of worls and home

thats who we are and where we are

Rembrandt, The Jewish Bride, c. 1665; Baroque Naturalism

- bride and groom on their wedding night lesson in love she is giving him permission to touch her, operates in triangles harmony of colors mimics the couple he moves gently

Perrault and Le Vau, Louvre, East Façade, 1667-1670; Baroque Classicism

Each corner of building protrude slightly  pedament does as well. columns are set back , desire to maintain classical style. somewhat dynamic.

Watteau, Pilgrimage from Cythera, 1717 - Rococo

sculpture of Venus in foliage 

leaving cythera

about the end of love, love does not last melancholic

Wattau had TB and was dying

"going to cythera"-having sex

love and act of love is temporary

delicate, pastel, small figures, lots of movement

Boucher, Diana Leaving her Bath, 1742-Rococo

On diagonal and busy movement

mythological stories uses characters from myths in certain scenerios. 

Diana=Goddess of the hunt this is not a story,

symbols of Diana everywhere Moon Godess is there as well  2 nude females in close proximity suggestive Diana looking up legs while woman is uncrossing them Using mythology as a cover for eroticism This painting is to be placed in an  personal space

Certains guests would be invited into this space that would be decorated with like artwork.

Chardin, The Governess, c. 1739

 -Rococo (sub-Anti Rococo)

Jacques-Louis David, “Oath of the Horatii,” 1786; Neoclassicm - Hard Neoclassicism

commissioned from the state (French)

Begining of the modern period

lesson painting classical subject classical style 

fight to the death by 3 best fighters from each side

manly men central, women are periphereal, camilia is sister to the brothers and is engaged to enemy fighter.men see as civic women see as a loss

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia State House, 1785-98; Neoclassicism

first american adaption of classical architecture , bringing a classical architecture, bringing a classical temple to US 

he bypassed English precedent wants to pick up ideas of classicm direct connection to classical virtue

Canova, Cupid and Psyche, 1787-1793;

Neoclassicm- Soft Neoclassicism

work for the individual collector

Cupid a god that fell in love with a mortal , Made Venus unhappy so she put psyche to sleep, other god allowed Cupid to wake her with kiss and make her immortal

This is the point that mythological work = soft and tactile.

Fuseli, the nightmare, 1781

ROMANTICISM: 1780-1850

very dramatic/erotic

Incubus on her chest

rape hors breaking through curtains

she is virgin

victim and anti-heros

artist himself playing out his dream , he is the demon on the chest

Gericault, Raft of the Medusa, 1818-19

ROMANTICISM: 1780-1850

boat manned by the incompetent sailor

100 people on raft

historical / political reference on incompetence of human condition

Human condition metaphor= you are a storm tossed boat , diagonal of damnation, no control over expression, universalizing his own experience

It is a huge painting made for salon man to far left is Delacroix 

captain=antihero

Goya, Saturn Devouring His Children, 1819-1823 ROMANTICISM: 1780-1850

 for the Quinta del Sardo" house of death man" Goyas house for black paintings

This was located in the dining room

Storu of Saturn, a god that heard that one of his children would proceed him, he then proceeded to devour his children

pessimistic statement about human condition, crude an black.painted expressively  about his depression and faithlessness in humanity, placed in dining room

Goya, Third of May 1808,1814

ROMANTICISM: 1780-1850

In 1808 Napoleon marched into Madrid French invaded Spain, they welcomed the Enlightenment 

When French  toook the king out of town the citizens believed he was being executed so the Spanish uprise agaisnt French  French then took all the Spanish speculated to be invloved and took them to monestary and executed them on May 3 

Wants this to be horrible

Lots of gore, firing squad very close to victims, they are war, faceless nameless instruments the people being killed are very emotional and expressive

Man in white is a representation as Christ pose 

painting was comissioned

this is to warn men never to do this again didactism

lesson painting enlightment view, we can all learn

Rodin, Burghers of Calais, 1884-1889

ROMANTICISM: 1780-1850

Late Romanticism

style persists after being out of fashion

commission from town of cailais

French coastal town wanted to commemorate 5 citizens that were heroic in 15th century

during 15th century war the town ran out of food and king made a deal to send top 5 citizens dressed in sak cloth barefoot to hand the enemy king keys

These 5 Burghers volunteered and believed they were walking to their death

large feet and heads=weight they feel

they are giving their lives for their home,

queen sees them and askes for them to be spared on her unborn child b/c she was impressed

Purpose is for Rodin to inspire us monument is low to ground Reminding us that we can be heros

Constable, The Cornfield, 1826

Realism

 Pastoral=of or relating to the life of animal hearders

sheep hearder stopped for water

constable liked donkeys

church in the far background he moved it there this is subject matter that God approves of

context: the Enlightenment in England, Industrial revolution, cities are dark and disgusting we should go back to Agrarian life

Rousseau, The Village, 1857-1864

GENERATION OF 1848: BARBIZON SCHOOL

reaction against Paris  in which there were no sewers, shit carts, and urine bathed streets

small painting for city audience 

its clean spacious and quiet

person in landscape so that you can put you in his place

1. relief

2. remedy

Millet, The Gleaners, 1857

GENERATION OF 1848: BARBIZON SCHOOL

breaks the mold, its about hard work.

gleaners can pick up what wheat is left after the harvest, back breaking work

thought to be a socialist, believed in the biblical condition that you will earn the bead from the sweat of your brow

He is telling the truth about the country, beautiful  light

Caillebotte, Paris Street: A Rainy Day, 1877

GENERATION OF 1870

city upper class play

context new government, 2nd empire Napoleon III

hired Baron Haussman to renovate Paris 1850-1860

widened the boulevards 1. for traffic, 2. bring fresh air in

moved industry to suburbs Paris became city for Haute bourgoisie (known by top hats)

This painting documents changing Paris

"The Painter of Modern Life" written by Boudelaire, an art critic says artist should paint modern life this became the program for the generation of 1870

For the art world,

truth painting Paris is clean for the upperclass and full of strangers, psychologically distant

2 main figures are looking at something we are not allowed to see , we are not allowed to share in the experience

Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863

GENERATION OF 1870

Picnic scene in the park

submitted to the Salon in 1863 and regected

went to Salon de Refuses it was popular

emporer wanted public to decide 

it was thought to be indescent by most painting is response to pastoral symphony that was in the Louvre at the time. Manet expected people to get the reference

it describes the difference between the past and the modern world 

there is a lack of intimacy

guy is talking to couple that are looking off

psychologically estranged blank faced

"things have changed for Paris"

Manet, Olympia, 1863

GENERATION OF 1870

For:the public

function tell the truths of life

remake of the venus of urbino

painting is comparison to past

figure is believed to be a prostitute

different build, she is not masturbating she controls her sex

she is looking down on us she has all the power

addresse Venetian tradition paintings that serve male fantasy

this is about  truth men dont ultimately have power  cat with arched back says were strangers 

chat=vagina

Monet, Railroad Bridge, 1874

IMPRESSIONISM 1870-1890

For:everyone

function:pleasure for eye and to celebrate modernity

Weekend of the wealthy recreational suburb

water reflections are stimulating 

focused on railroad bridge

brand new bridge with train

RR great symbol of progress responsible for wealth and transportation 

celebration of modernity

Renoir, Moulin de la Galette, 1876

IMPRESSIONISM 1870-1890

for everyone

function pleasure

Dance hall that had been a mill

young beautiful single women  and young handsome men 

idealization that everyone is beautiful and nice 

style is relaxed and unstructured  to make us feel relaxed and free

Renoir, Bathers, 1884-87  

IMPRESSIONISM 1870-1890 (Anti-impressionism)

for:Male

Function: pleasure

return to academic art 

timeless figure pointed faces and idealized

solid stable composition

turns to nude, we get views from all sides

archetypal male interest in nudes

Degas, Rehearsal on the Stage, 1874

IMPRESSIONISM 1870-1890

rehearsal, seeing from a unique POV

view behind orchestra, interesting lighting visually stimulating pleasure of seeing 

fast vision allowed to look quickly over image

Seurat, Grande Jatte, 1884-86

POST IMPRESSIONISM 1890-1910(Neo- Impressionism)

very large, new and improved (avante garde)

haute bourgoise enjoying themselves on the weekend lots of thought involved  art that is stylistically/socially progressive

did 30 drawings and painted sketches of an island just north of Paris

from sketches subject become upper class in final painting

pointelism using dots of color, mixing on a palette makes them lose luminence

warm=happy

color compliments harmonize with one another and intensify other colors 

social ideal

mother and daughter central to painting daughter exhibits control restraints and civilized

the dogs are there to contrast and exhibit our wild side and instinct

monkey=evolution

ideal that we evolve to be civil tranquil and progressive

Gaugin, Where do we come from? Where are we? Where are we going?, 1897

POST IMPRESSIONISM 1890-1910 neo impressionism

edden, eve not eating the apple animals act on instinct dont suffer or feel guilt they are the ideal

anguished Eve far left corne after eating the apple now knows death and sin 

Tahition Eve, happy and contempt b/c of ignorance

knowledge=the fall

bird holding lizard  lizard=snake]dumb bird= protecting her from lizard 

devolve to be happy

sexuality-primitive were sexually liberated

Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889

POST IMPRESSIONISM 1890-1910(expressionism)

painted in july in his room in an asylum 

moved the church into image to make it religious 

cypress trees=eternal

Venus and Aeries constallations he believed in astrology 

ying/yang harmony of opposties moon/sun

after we die we continue life on another star

van gogh is optimistic about death, hell finally find the life he wanted on this star

Munch, The Scream, 1893

EXPRESSIONISM 1890-1915

death is big issue for munch, mother died of TB when he was 5 his sister died when he was 12 

had fear of open spaces

painting himself as a sound wave

his head like a skull, primal scream therepeutic

describes sky as blood red=death to him

written in the paing "Only a mad man could have painted this"

Matisse, View of Collioure, 1905

EXPRESSIONISM 1890-1915(Fauvism)

small village outside of France he painted this next to Derain, both recording their sensations, feeling is hot and happy

childlike in order to recover childhood for them

for you to be carefree

form of primitivism, child is primitive stage liberation of instinct

Matisse, Joy of Life, 1905-1906

EXPRESSIONISM 1890-1915(Post-Fauvism)

"an art of serenity devoid of troubling matter, an art which might be like a good armchairin which to rest mental fatigue" produce art for ppl to relax

Paradise, arcadia - idealized view of early Greece

Nymphs, pastoral sheep, dancing kissing, playing music, hot and happy

Intense colors contoured lines are relaxed and organic 

comfort

FOR THE WEALTHY

Picasso, Les Demoiselles D’Avignon, 1907

FORMALISM 1912-PRESENT(Pre-Cubism)

demoiselle=prostitute

D'Avignon=red light district of Barcelona

did multiple sketches, originally were two males where we are spectators,

final We are the customers

everything is very angular picasso make women hard and dangerous

fruit usually pleasure but this fruit is dangerous too

truth about women- they are dangerous

African art mask- not beautiful, a way to cope with the world power over the enemy

Picasso, Ma Jolie, 1911-12

FORMALISM 1912-PRESENT(analytic cubism)

working from subject using a subject in order to make a painting slowly building a subject from lines and light 

premise: its like music careful arrangement of sounds to please ear

supposedly pleasurable

at first is chaotic then you see order pyramid stability and grid

music note, ma jolie= popular song

to give us subject

Mondrian, Composition with red, yellow, and blue 1930 FORMALISM 1912-PRESENT(De Stijl)

shapes and color and line, clean and simple

curve is lower beauty

right angle= higher beauty appeals to mind believes he has universal beauty harmony of opposites color is emotional elements that have been balanced

dynamic equilibrium, asymmetrical composition

purpose of art is to be beautiful because world is ugly

Picasso, Bottle of Suze, 1912

ASSEMBLAGE (synthetic cubism)

making art from things that already exist

back to subject- evoking a subject

a table with a bottle a glass and a newspaper  In a bar alone with paper and some suze relaxing calm and tranquil

newspaper= all the bad things happening in the world

about escaping the world and relaxing in a bar

Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919

DADA 1917-22 New York Dada

readymade

took a production of mona lisa and put a mustache goatee

female to male 

Elle A Chaud au Cul is LHOOQ sounded out

she has a hot ass, 

taking high art to low art for a good time call mona lisa not actually a reproduction it is duchamps face

This is a game for him

Hoch, Foreign Beauty. C. 1920

DADA 1917-22

venetian tradition 

took image from erotica and put mans face on it, critisizing the whole nude tradition as females for male entertainment trying to get male audience to see itself

social critique

Max Ernst, One night of Love, 1927

SURREALISM 1924-1940

aim to liberate everyone happier world is enlightenment

a stern figure holding down a bird Lop Lop= symbol for himself

Is trying to escape his father he is recreating a scenario 

Gesturalism

Magritte, Clairvoyance, 1936

SURREALISM 1924-1940

painting what the egg represents for the viewer

magritte more interested in viewer than himself telling you to open your mind lesson in liberating thinking

Frida Kahlo (1907-54), Broken Column, 1944

SURREALISM 1924-1940

Did not ID as surrealist

its about truth not fantasy

Trolly asscident-wood rail impaled her through back and vagina when she was tranporting gold leaf and was covered in it

this is about her suffering nail=Jesus suffereing

had multiple surgeries, can no longer have children

Pollock, Male and Female, 1942

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM 1940-1960

Function: to heal

For: everyone

healthy psychee has balance of male and female, pollock learned this from yungian analist, angles male curves female. stable center, primitive art is closer to truth

De Kooning, Woman I, 1950

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM 1940-1960

  D-Gesturalism

               Function:to express frustration his wife, mom, himself, and women in magazines

                  (expressive and expressionistic:  For himself)

              slashed surface expresses danger and angry b/c beautiful woman are frustrating he was also angry b/c his wife was a whore

           mad at mother for not telling him who his father was

Louis, Floral, 1959

MINIMALISM

Greenberg-calls it post painterly abstraction it comes after abstract expressionism it is next in the mainstream. Greenberg taught him how to do this, held his hand and told him everything to do then made him famous by writing about him.
Stain Painting emptied of everything that isn't painting.pure essence of painting color is color. less is less. Remove space because it represents the world.
Purpose: aesthetic pleasure "Pure" no life, expression, or figures take spectator out of this impure world into pure painting trancending life. For everyone art world elite

Jasper Johns, Painted Bronze, 1960

NEO DADA

-Assemblage
for: people who understand it-spend time to figure it out who are smart, sensitive,dedicated.
Ostensible subject- art world issue, behind the issue is hiding behind it- personal ( one beer can is solid the other beer can is opened and light/skinny- ontop of the skinny can has "Florida" on it. These are two stand ins for Rauschenberg and Johns. Their relationship has just ended and Rauschenberg has just moved to Florida. Have to pick up cans
The empty can skinny and open is Rauschenberg.
The heavy enclosed large can is Johns weighted down with knowledge he read wittenstein when he was young.
It began from something dekooning said about castelli the art dealer. Dekooning said leo castelli can sell anything, he could sell a couple of beer cans. 
-he took the remark and took it into two beer cans. The man who bought it was the most famouse collectors. $900!!!
1973 he sold it for $9000. For people in art word to understand art joke, also for those smart sensitive dedicated.

Warhol, Elvis I and II, 1964

POP ART

pop art-movie stars
for Two separate audiences
1) Straight american audience- celebration of hollywood, elvis, archetypal hero western cowboy. 

2) subculture celebration of erotic. classic cowboy with gun in holster is a famous homo erotic image. "clones" muscular, manly, erotic male image. This image is from the movie "Flaming Star" also a reference to homosexuality

Silk screen paintings, different colors ,

Christo, Running Fence, 1972-76

POST-MINIMALISM(EARTH ART 1970-PRESENT)

From Bodega Bay 26 mile Fence 

Raised in Bulgaria and escaped in 1960s went to paris. Began by wrapping small things like paint cans, and moved to wrapping bigger things like islands in Miami. Drawing attention to Nature, and political side. 19995 wrap the building Reichstag-hitler. Most successful artist in the world he gets the most involvement. He wants to reach the public.

brings people together and is beautiful 

Chicago, Dinner Party, 1974-1979

“Change The World” POST-MINIMALISM(FEMINISM 1970-PRESENT)

Feminism
change the world Early phase- feminism essentialist (Vagina = female)
life size table settings
39 famous women from "herstory" each setting represent a perso 3 groups of 13 to make a triangle, 1) upright triangle = equality 2)upside down triangle = female symbol
13 men at the last supper who were served by women and 13 women in a coven 
each place setting has a fabric runner for each women
Ceramic Plates- shapes inspired by what they were famous for like Piano for the Pianist etc. Took time to make sure everything was historically correct, a very large number of women worked on this project 

Controversial- plates were in shapes of vaginas 

tile floor under table: 999 names of famous women, they made the foundation for the 39 women

Purpose is to raise consciousness and raise awareness

idea that women work more cooperatively
to encourage women to be ambitious