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Details Title: final Description: tough stuff Total Flash Cards: 40 Created: 05/05/2004 10:43:49	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term social inequality Definition condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, and power. Term stratification Definition a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society. Term ascribed status Definition a social position assigned to a person by society withour reguard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. Term achieved status Definition a social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. Term castes Definition hereditary systems of rank usually religiously dictated, that tend to be fixed and immobile. Term social classes Definition a class system is a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility. Term capitalism Definition an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. Term bourgeoisie Definition karl marx's term for the capitalist class, comprising the owners of the means of production. Term proletariat Definition karl marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society. Term false consciousness Definition an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately refect its objective position. Term prestige Definition the respect and admiration that an occupation holds in a society. Term esteem Definition the reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupation. Term multiple measures Definition many ways to measure social class. Term absolute poverty Definition refers to a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below. Term relative poverty Definition floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole. Term underclass Definition long-term poor people who lack training and skills Term life chances Definition people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences. Term social mobility Definition movement of individuals or groups from one position of a society's stratification system to another. Term open class system Definition the position of each individual is influenced by the person's achieved status. encourages competition. Term closed class system Definition little or no possibility of moving upward in society. Term horizontal mobility Definition moving from one social position to another of the same rank. Term vertical mobility Definition movement from one social position to another of a different rank Term intergeneration mobility Definition changes in the social position of children relative to their parents. Term intrageneration mobility Definition change in social position within a person's adult life. Term globalization Definition the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas. Term multinational corporations Definition commercial organizations that are headquartered in on country and do business throughout the world. Term racial group Definition a group that is set apart based on obvious physical differences. Term ethnic group Definition a group that is set apart based on national origin or distinctive cultural patterns Term social construction of race Definition the process by which people come to define a group as a race. Term stereotypes Definition unreliable generalizations about all members of a group. Term ethnicity Definition physical differences are more noticeable than ethnic differences ethnic stratification can change more readily than racial stratification because racial stratification is based on physical appearance, which is more noticeable. Term discrimination Definition the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias. Term glass ceiling Definition refers to an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity. Term institutional discrimination Definition the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society. Term affirmative action Definition positive efforts to recruit minority members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. Term assimilation Definition the process by which a person for sakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. Term segregation Definition the physical seperation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events. Term model minorities Definition groups that succeed economically, socially, and educationally without resorting to confrontations with Whites. Term darendorf Definition potential for conflict is present whenever some have authority or control and others are subject to it. Term ageism Definition prejudices and discrimination based on age.