Term
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Definition
| an agent that induces birth defects during embryonic development. Rubella and CMV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection particles smaller than a virus. no capsid. single specific RNA. cause plant diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteinaceous infections particles. cause creuttzfeldt-jakob disease and kuru in humans. causes BSE in cows (mad cow disease) |
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Term
| Virus families are given a name comprised of a Latin root followed by -viridae |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"small" "rna" "virus"
divided into 2 major groups: enteroviruses and rhinoviruses |
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Term
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Definition
affinity for nervous tissue
transmitted in nose and throat discharges and in feces
subclinical -- no symptoms (95% of people affected never have symptoms)
4-6% -- nonparalytic poliomyelitis -- fever, stiffness or pain in the neck muscles
two types of vaccines: sabin - oral (100% effective) and salk -- 3 inner muscular infections (70-90% effective) |
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Term
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Definition
mode of transmission is fecal-oral spread.
most cases result from close institutional contact, unhygienic food handling, shellfish, etc
affects liver
jaundice appears for 1-3 weeks.
recover is 2-6 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
mode of transmission is fecal-oral spread
disease similar to HAV, but pregnant women have high mortality rate
no vaccine |
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Term
| foot and mouth disease virus |
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Definition
communicable disease of cloven hoofed animals (esp. cattle)
transmitted from cow to man and man to cow |
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Term
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Definition
cause the common cold
spread by droplets, by discharges from the nose and throat, or freshly contaminated fomites (door handles, desks, etc)
confers immunity for that virus but there are 100 types. |
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Term
| paramyeoviridae: rubella (german measles) |
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Definition
if occurs during pregnancy, causes severe fetal abnormalities
vaccination - MMR at 15 months of age |
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Term
| paramyeoviridae: hep C (flaviviridae) |
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Definition
| transmitted by infection of contaminated blood or body fluids |
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Term
| paramyxoviridae: parainfluenzae virus |
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Definition
| causes croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
painful swelling of the parotid glands, although the salivary glands, testes, ovaries, and pancreas may be involved. in adults can manifest as orchitis.
epidemics are prevalent during winter months in schools and military personnel.
vaccine - MMR at 15 months age |
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Term
| morbillivirus (red measles) |
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Definition
causes measles -- most common acute communicable disease affecting children.
vaccine: MMR at 15 months age |
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Term
| pneumovirus: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
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Definition
| major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants less than 1 year old |
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Term
| rhabdoviridae: rabies virus |
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Definition
transmission occurs through infected animal bite
dogs, cats, bats, skunks
symptoms: severe headache, fever, depression and excitement |
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Term
| orthomyxoviridae: influenzae virus |
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Definition
the flu
characterized by nasal discharge, headache, muscle pains, sore throat
synthetic drug, amantadine, can prevent and help cure influenza cause by A strains. |
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Term
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Definition
| intestinal viruses (gross diapers) |
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Term
| retroviridae: retroviruses |
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Definition
enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses with reverse transcriptase that converts the RNA into double stranded DNA.
oncogenic (cancer causing) |
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Term
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV types 1 and 2) |
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Definition
causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
HIV antibody positive state w/ some combo of infections, fever, weight loss, neoplasms, diarrhea, brain dysfunction
HIV originated in Africa
high mortality rate
in blood, semen, vaginal secretions
initial infections create flulike illness: virus becomes latent, brings levels of T helper cells down & invades brain
after incubation period of 2-15 yrs, infections occur including pneumocystis carini pneuymonia, serious diseases by protozoa, fungi, mycobacteria, and viruses
treatment: AZT |
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Term
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Definition
human t lymphocyte virus I -- causes adult T cell leukemia or mycosis fungoides
fatal cancer |
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Term
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Definition
causes hairy cell leukemia
high mortality rate |
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Definition
universal property of herpesviridae is latency.
remains in host cells, usually neorons, for long periods of time but can still replicate |
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Term
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Definition
causes fever blisters and cold sores
treatment -- acylorvir (zovirax) |
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Term
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Definition
after the lesion disappears, the vorus remains latent. recurrent genital herpes is frequent.
treatment: zovirax |
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Term
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Definition
causes chicken pox.
causes shingles |
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Term
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Definition
leading cause of birth defects.
occurs in AIDS patients and transplant recipients |
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Term
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Definition
causes infections mononucleosis
causes burkett's lymphoma in African children |
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Term
| poxviridae: orthppoxvirus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
papillomaviruses: cause warts. genital warts. wart morphology ranges from tiny, flat, inconspicuous bumps to giant, branching cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminata.
vaccination: gardasil. age 9-24 |
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Term
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Definition
can surivive in soil for up to 2 years. causes fatal gastroenteritis in pups
in humans: rash that resembles a slapped cheek. |
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Term
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Definition
transmitted by transfusion of blood or blood products, syringes, saliva & sex
causes chronic liver disease
vaccine available |
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Term
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Definition
transmitted parenteral (host must be coinfected w/ hep B)
Hep B vaccine is effective because coinfection is required. |
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Term
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Definition
open lesion/ sore that is painless. (chancre)
appear on genitalia 80% of time
heals after 3-6 weeks
diagnosed w/ darkfield microscopy
treatment: penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
causative agent of syphilis.
cannot be cultured in lab.
humans are natural host and source. |
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Term
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Definition
red or brown rash that breaks out on all skin surfaces
the MS department of health uses the rapid plasma reagin test for rapid detection of syphilis.
treatment: penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
bacteremia caused by treponema pallidum.
can last up to 20 years.
can cause blindness. |
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Term
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Definition
very severe complications
can result in cardiovascular syphilis, which can rupture aorta.
can move to brain (neurosyphilis) |
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Term
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Definition
can pass from pregnant woman into placenta and be carried through fetal tissues.
can lead to spontaneous miscarriage or stillbirth.
children often have CNS problems. |
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Term
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Definition
most often acquired when organism comes into contact through abrasions and mucous membranes
can be found in the environment, esp. in water cnotamited fomthe urine and tissues of infected animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| aerial mycelium + vegetative mycelium |
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Term
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Definition
grow above agar surface.
reproductive. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| singular. branches growing off of mycelium |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| simple budding forms in which daughter cell is abstricted from mother cell |
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Term
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Definition
thick walled spores produced by rounding up & enlargement of terminal cells of hyphae.
round spore forms on end and breaks off. |
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Term
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Definition
resulting from simple fragmentation of the mycelium in cylindrical or cask shaped thick walled spores
all the mycelia fragmitize.
lots of septae throughout.
whole spore breaks apart |
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Term
colony of mold
colony of yeast |
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Definition
mycelial cottony mass
resemble bacterial colonies |
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Term
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Definition
microconidia: small spore
macroconidia: large spore |
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Term
| primary routes of entrance for agents of fungal disease |
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Definition
#1: respiratory
#2: cutaneous (skin) |
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Term
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Definition
| dermatophyte invades hair shaft |
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Term
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Definition
| dermatophyte invades outisde hair |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
epidemic ringworm of the scalp in school age children.
transmits from man to man |
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Term
| microspourum canis (canine) |
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Definition
causes tinea capitis and corporis with an erythemic (red) lesion.
pups and kitties |
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Term
| trichophyton mentagrophytes |
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Definition
| athlete's foot (jock itch) |
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Term
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Definition
skin disease
superficial brownish scaly areas on light skinned persons
lighter areas on dark skin
causative agent: malasseziofurfur |
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