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Details Title: final Description: geography Total Flash Cards: 56 Created: 12/20/2006 19:33:43	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term demographer Definition one who studies population Term demography Definition study of population Term Natural changes in population Definition birth & deaths Term Migration Definition relocation from other areas Term Highest birth rate Definition Africa Term largest population Definition China - high birth/low death Term developing countries Definition natural increase between births & deaths Term developed countries Definition birth & death more balanced Term Type of growths - 2 Definition exponential arithmetic Term exponential growth Definition doubling at each stage 2,4,8,16,32 Term arithmetic growth Definition steady/constant increase 2,4,6,8,10 Term Population increase Definition if 10% annual increase - population would double every 7 years if 2% increase - double every 35 years Term Rule of 70 (economic principle) Definition 70/rate 70/10%= 7 years Term population densities -what is it? 4 types Definition concentration of population Arithmetic Physiological Urban Rural Term Arithmetic densities Definition total pop. / total area (sq mile) Term Physiological densities Definition total pop / available cultivable land Term Urban densities Definition Total pop / urban area Term Rural densities Definition total pop / land under cultivation Term World population distribution major clusters 3 minor clusters 2 Definition maj. - eastern asia/china, south asia/india , europe minor - east & central no. america, southeast asia Term Where is most of the population contained? Definition middle lattitude sections - moderate cllimate Term largest populated area in US Definition Bos-Was corridor or megalopolis Term Thomas Malthus Malthusian concept Definition british economist 1. population increases exponentially 2. food supply increases arithmetically 3. population controlled by war, famine & disease *pop is increasing faster than food supply Term Scorched earth Definition used by the russians burnt land as they retreated from attack Term Bubonic Plague Definition "black death" killed 2/3 of european population Term Population Structure Definition makeup of population - age & sex illustrated by population pyramids Term Population Changes - Increases -3 Definition 1. agricultural revolution- contributed to increased food supplies because of improved techniques 2. Industrial revolution - improved sanitation, medical technology 3. Immigration Term Population Changes - decreases - 5 Definition 1. war 2. famine 3. disease 4. natural disaster 5. emigration Term emigration Definition leaving a country Term immagration Definition coming into a country Term types of migration - 4 Definition 1.voluntary (italy - conn.) 2. involuntary ( slaves from africa) 3. internal (hamden to madison) 4. international ( montreal to iowa) Term out migration in migration Definition internal movement/change Term demographic transition (concepts of population) Definition sequence of change over time Term Stages of demographic transition -4 Definition 1.high stationary phase- birth & death rates high - population remains low 2.early expanding - high birth /decrease in deaths -population increase 3. late expanding - death rate at low level; reduction in births - population increases slowly 4. low stationary - birth & death rates stable - population remains stationary Term Culture Definition patterns of learned human behavior that form a durable template by which ideas & images can be transformed from 1 generation to another. *Culture is'nt biologically transmitted Term Lingua franca Definition official language of a country - not always the language of the people Term cultural landscape Definition a composite of "man-made" features or surface of earth as modified by human activity Term cultural hearths Definition locations where a particular population developed an area of power (sphere of influence) Term how was culture spread? Definition Military movement Term Cultural Hearths - 3 Definition A. Agricultural - iran, iraq, india,mexico B. Urban C. Religious - Christianity, Islam, Buddhism Term Urban Hearths - 4 Definition 1. Fertile Crescent - land between Tigris & Euphrates 2. Nile river valley 3.Indus river system 4. Hwang-Ho valley in No. China Term Cultural Development - 3 Definition 1. Paleolithic period 2. mesolithic 3.neolithic Term paleolithic period Definition old stone age culture invented tools, animal skins for clothes, hunted big & small game, art & religion developed *climatic changes produced cultural diversity Term mesolithic period Definition middle stone age domestication of plants & animals shift from food gathering to food producing sedentary agricultural societies Term neolithic period Definition new stone age *developed new toos & technology based on sedentary agriculture *diversification of activity - weaving, mining, brick making *development of complex stratified societies - classes developed (rulers, military,peasants) *more diverse-not just hunter/gatherer Term Caste system Definition type of class society Term Components of culture (Huxleys cultrural model) - 3 Definition 1. menifacts-most central & durable cultural elements - language 2. sociofacts - linkages between individuals & groups 3. artifacts - material goods Term acculturation Definition process by which culture changed substantially through interaction with another culture which is more dominant Term Forces of Change -2 Definition 1. Innovation - technology 2.diffusion - spreadout Term Environmental determinism Definition "tell me where you live and I will tell you what you are" determines how one lives according to climate Term possiblism Definition possibilities & opportunities to decide how to live Term Stage of Development -4 (Human, Cultural, Economic) Definition 1. hunting & gathering-live on what is available- moves on when depleated 2. herding - animals deplete resourses & than tribe moves on a. subsistence herding - provide for own need b. commercial herding -provide for profit 3.Agricultural - subsistance - high labor - intensive commercial - plantations, large farms, extensive - less manual labor;more mechanical 4. Urban-large population, developed technology, capital available for development, most advanced level Term Swidden or slash & burn or milpa agriculture Definition crop production of forest clearings kept in cultivation until their quickly declining fertility is lost. Cleared plots are than abandoned and new sites prepared Term leaching Definition water soaks down through soil & disolves minerals- creates unfertile soil Term Each stage of Development represents increasing complexity of: 4 Definition 1. material goods 2. social organization 3.increase ability to support high population densities 4. greater interference with the natural environment Term Categories of economic activity -4 Definition 1. primary -harvest or extract - taking form the ground 2. secondary - add value by changing form orcombining things into a more useful commodity - manufacturing 3.Tertiary - provide service to primary & secondary activities and goods & services to the individual & community 4. quaternary - services rendered by proffessionals working in education, government Term world cultural realms -4 Definition 1. language 2. social organization 3. technology 4. biological characteristics