Term
|
Definition
-short-limbed dwarfism and macrocephaly
-failure of normal epiphyseal cartilage formation
-thanatophoric dwarfism is a lethal form of dwarfism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-stone bone/marble bone disease
-bone fracture easily
-bones widened at metaphysic and diaphysis; resembles flask
-death of infants due to
--marked anemia
--cranial nerve entrapment
--hydrocephalus
--infection |
|
|
Term
| When does bone mass peak? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the factors involving primary osteoprosis? |
|
Definition
-age-related changes
-horomonal changes
-physical activity
-genetic factors-can affect vit. D, Ca uptake and PTH synthesis and responses
-calcium nutritional state
-cigarette smoking |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common form secondary osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| Iatrogenic: caused by corticosteroids; they inhibit osteoblastic activity; impair vit. D dependent intestinal Ca absorption-> increased PTH secretion and bone resorption |
|
|
Term
| Why are bisphosphonates important in osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| They have an ability to decrease bone resorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-collage of matrix madness
-focal areas of excessive bone turnover
-disorganized osteoid formation
-more common in men |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of Paget's? |
|
Definition
-osteoclastic activity and bone resorption
-exuberant bone formation
-burnt out, quiescent stage |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the manifestations of Paget's disease? |
|
Definition
-Skull involvement causes headaches, tinnitu, vertigo and hearing loss
-collapse of ant. vertabrae cuase kyphosis of t-spine
-bowing of tibia and femur
-pathologic fractures-chalkstick fractures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone is undermineralized and results in osteopenia and predisposition to fractures |
|
|
Term
| Name the 6 types of fractures. |
|
Definition
-Complete/incomplete
-closed/compound
-comminuted-splintered bone
-displaced-misalignment
-Pathologic-already diseased bone broken with little or no stress
-stress fracture-repeated wear on bone; no signs until 2 wks after sxs. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of bone leasion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you call the infarction of bone and marrow that is relatively common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How most cases of osteomyelitis originate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood-borne pathogens are implicated with pyogenic osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
-S. aureus
-salmonella-sickle-cell anemia |
|
|
Term
| How does pyogenic osteomyelitis present?q |
|
Definition
-fever in infants
-localized pain without fever in adults |
|
|
Term
| What is tuberculosis osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major cause of dwarfism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some other causes of secondary osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
-Hyperparathyroidism: causes osteoclast recruitment and activity.
-Hyperthyroidism: Increased bone turnover and osteoclastic activity
-Hypogonadism: Turner and Klinefelter Syndromes
-Hematologic malignancies
-Malabsorption: impaired absorption of Ca, P, and vit. D
-Alcoholism |
|
|
Term
| Where are fractures more likely to occur in osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| Femoral neck, wrists, and vertabrae |
|
|
Term
| Rickets and osteomalacia are a result of what? What are the causes? |
|
Definition
Vit. D or phosphate depletion
-Dietary deficiency
-Inadequate sunlight exposure
-Malabsorption of vit. D, Ca, or P
-derangement in conversion of vit. D |
|
|
Term
| Rickets presents in what population? what are its distinctive manifestations? |
|
Definition
Children
bowed legs and deformities of ribs, skull and other bones. |
|
|
Term
| Go through the fracture healing process. |
|
Definition
| Injury->organization of hematoma at site of injury=procallus->conversion of procallus to callus->replacement of the fibrocartilaginous callus by an osseous callus remodeled by weight bearing. |
|
|
Term
| What is a factor in imperfect bone repair/healing? |
|
Definition
| Inadequate levels of Ca, P, vit. deficiencies, systemic infection,k diabetes, or vascular insufficiency |
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