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Definition
| the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units |
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Definition
| a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder |
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Definition
| bile pigment that is product of the breakdown of the heme portion of hemoglobin |
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Definition
| abnormal stones formed in body tissues by an accumulation of mineral salts |
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| set of metabolic pathways which break down molecules into smaller units and release energy |
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| inflammation of the gallbladder |
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| bilirubin attached to another molecule |
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Definition
multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both |
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Definition
| an acute metabolic complication of diabetes occurring when fats are metabolized in the absence of insulin resulting in the formation of acid byproducts, such as ketones |
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| gland which secretes hormones directly into the blood stream |
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| a gland that secretes externally through a duct |
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| form in which carbohydrates are stored in the body |
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| the formation of glycogen from glucose |
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| metabolic process by which glycogen is broken down |
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Definition
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| high blood glucose levels |
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Term
| hyperglycemic hypersmolar nonketonic syndrome |
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Definition
a life threatening syndrome that can occur in the patient with diabetes who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent diabetic ketoaacidosis but not enough to prevent sever hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, and extracellular fluid depletion |
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| endocrine disorder where there is adrenocortical insuffiency (hypofunction of the adrenal cortex) usually caused by an autoimmune response |
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| symptoms of Addison’s disease usually first appear during an Addisonian crisis which is a life threatening emergency caused by acute or sudden adrenal insufficiency. It is triggered by stress, or sudden withdrawal of corticosteroid replacement therapy. Symptoms include hypotension, tachycardia, dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, fever, weakness and confusion |
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Definition
| hypofunction of the adrenal cortex, ie. the adrenal gland stops making all or some of the adrenal corticosteroids (glucocorticosteroids, mineralcorticosteroids and androgens) |
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Definition
| class of steroids synthesized by the adrenal gland which stimulate pubic and axillary hair growth and sex drive in females. Androgens are converted into estrogen in women |
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Definition
| When the facial nerve is tapped at the angle of the jaw (i.e. masseter muscle), the facial muscles on the same side of the face will contract momentarily (typically a twitch of the nose or lips) because of hypocalcaemia (ie from hypothyroidism) with resultant hyperexcitability of nerves |
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Definition
| severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenitaldeficiency of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism) or from prolonged nutritional deficiency of iodine |
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Definition
| (also called hyperadrenocorticism or hypercorticism) is a hormone (endocrine) disorder caused by high levels of cortisol (hypercortisolism) in the blood. Signs and symptoms include rapid weight gain of the abdomen and face, fat pads along the collar bone, excessive sweating, thinning of the skin, stretch marks, insomnia, depression and anxiety |
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Definition
| the state of having normal thyroid gland function |
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Definition
| marked protrusion of the eyeballs which is a symptom of Grave’s disease (hypothyroidism) |
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Definition
| steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal gland and increases gluconeogenesis. They promote release of amino acids in the muscles and exert an anti-inflammatory effect of the body |
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Definition
| generalized enlargement of the thyroid gland indicating hyper or hypo thyroidism |
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Definition
| excessive aldosterone secretion which effects sodium retention and potassium secretion causing hypertension and hypokalemic acidosis |
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Definition
| an increased number of cells of a body part that results from an increased rate of cell division |
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Definition
| inflammation of a joint; most prevalent types are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout |
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Definition
| a radiographic record after introduction of opaque contrast material into a joint |
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Definition
| surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint |
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| a clicking sound often heard in movement of joints, for example, in temporomandibular joint resulting from joint irregularities |
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Definition
| small, pendulous outgrowth of the skin |
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Definition
| recurrent attacks of acute arthritis associated with increased levels of serum uric acid |
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Definition
| abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood |
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Definition
| a slowly progressive non-inflammatory disorder of the diarthrodial (synovial) joints |
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Definition
| formation of excessive folds of inflamed tissue on a joint affected by rheumatoid arthritis |
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Definition
| a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of connective tissue in the diarthrodial (synovial) joints, typically with periods of remission and exacerbation |
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Definition
| a partial or incomplete displacement of the joint surface |
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Definition
| inflammatory condition of the synovial membrane of a joint as a result of an aseptic wound or a traumatic injury such as a sprain or severe strain |
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Definition
| surgical removal of synovial membrane |
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Definition
| visible deposits of sodium urate crystals; seen in chronic gout |
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Definition
| inflammation of the blood vessels; it may be caused by a systemic disease or an allergic reaction |
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Definition
| Above the Knee Amputation |
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Definition
| Below the Knee Amputation |
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Definition
A physical examination performed on infants to
screen for developmental dysplasia of the hip |
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Term
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Definition
The calcaneus is the bone in the back of the foot,
commonly referred to as the heel bone. This bone helps support the foot and is important in normal walking motions. |
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Term
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Definition
Or luxation occurs when bones in a joint become
displaced or misaligned. Often caused by sudden impact to the joint |
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Definition
Abnormal condition of the vertebral column,
characterized by increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic
spine as viewed from the side. Also called humpback, roundback. |
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Term
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Definition
Also known as clubfoot…a foot deformity in which the
heel is turned inward and the foot is plantar flexed |
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Definition
| A complication of necrosis characterized by the decay of body tissues, which become black (and/or green) and malodorous. It is caused by infection or ischemia. |
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Definition
| “swayback”, a medical term used to described an inward curvature of a portion of the vertebral column. |
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Definition
A physical examination for developmental dysplasia
of the hip. It is performed by gently abducting the infants leg using the examiners thumb while placing anterior pressure on the greater trochanter using the examiners index and forefinger. |
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Term
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Definition
Used in the treatment of hip dysplasia in infants.
The pavlik harness is fit to the baby and holds the baby hips in proper position |
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Definition
| Artificial substitute for a missing part of the body. |
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Definition
| Medical condition in which a person’s spine is curved from side to side, shaped like an “s”, and may also be rotated. Can be very painful. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called body cast, immobilizes the hips and thighs so that bones or tendons can heal properly. It’s usually put on in surgery while the child is sleeping. Put on child to keep their hips and legs from moving. |
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Term
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Definition
A congenital deformity that develops in the womb during the
first trimester (btwn 8 to 12 weeks) and causes an abnormal twisting of the ankles, heels, toes and feet. Talipes is present in one of ever 1,000 childbirths in the US, and 95% of these incidences are known as congenital talipes equinovarus or CLUBFOOT. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal outward turning of a bone, especially of the hip, knee, or foot. “knock-kneed" |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal inward turning of a bone, especially of the hip, knee or foot |
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Term
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Definition
| a clinical syndrome where there is a sustained increase in synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficient circulation of thyroid hormones resulting in a hypometabolic state |
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Definition
| one of two or more forms of a chemical element having the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus but different number of neutrons and thus a different atomic mass; many isotopes are used in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures |
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Definition
| the amount of energy liberated or expended in a given unit of time |
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Definition
| a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that maintains normal blood volume, promotes sodium and water retention and increases urinary excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions; aldosterone is the most potent; trauma and stress increase secretion |
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Definition
| the progression of the mental sluggishness, drowsiness and lethargy of hypothyroidism to a notable impairment of consciousness or coma that is a medical emergency |
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Definition
| a rare condition characterized by a tumor of the adrenal medulla that produces excessive catecholamines causing persistent or intermittent hypertension |
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Definition
| a streak or linear scar that often results from rapidly developing tension in the skin; purplish striae are among the classic findings in hyperadrenocorticism |
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Term
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Definition
| increased nerve excitability and sustained muscle contraction that results from low calcium levels that allow sodium to move into excitable cells, increasing depolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute, rare condition in which all hyperthyroid manifestations are heightened |
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Term
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Definition
| a hypermetabolic state caused by excessive circulating levels of T4, T3 or both |
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Term
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Definition
| a test for latent tetany in which carpal spasm is induced by inflating a BP cuff on the upper arm to a pressure exceeding systolic BP for 3 minutes; a positive test may be seen in hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia |
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Term
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Definition
| obesity that preferentially affects or is located in the trunk of the body as opposed to the extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which poor blood supply to an area of bone leads to bone death. Also called avascular necrosis and osteonecrosis |
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Definition
| lacking normal tone, as in the case of a muscle that is flaccid |
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Definition
| the consequence of temporary or permanent cessation of blood flow to the bones. The absence of blood causes the bone tissue to die, resulting in fracture or collapse of the entire bone |
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Term
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Definition
| The hard bony tissue that develops around the ends of a fractured bone during healing |
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Definition
| Condition occurs if the body cast is applied too tightly and the cast compresses the superior mesenteric artery against the duodenum. The patient generally complains of abdominal pain, abdominal pressure, nausea and vomiting. |
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Term
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Definition
| a metabolic process in which complex molecules are broken down into simple ones with the release of energy |
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Definition
| a pathologic condition caused by progressive development of arterial compression and consequent reduction of blood supply. The compression may result from an overly restrictive dressing or cast or from nonexpansive muscle fascia. Clinical manifestations include swelling, restriction of movement, brown urine, myoglobinuria, vascular compromise, and severe pain or lack of sensation. It can result in a permanent contracture deformity of the hand or foot, with or without a fracture. In severe cases, it can lead to necrosis and necessitate the amputation of an extremity. Treatment includes elevation, removal of restrictive dressings or casts, and potentially a surgical decompression |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint, characterized by flexion and fixation. It may be caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers resulting from immobilization or by loss of the normal elasticity of connective tissues or the skin, such as from the formation of extensive scar tissue over a joint. |
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Definition
| metallic device composed of metal pins that are inserted into the bone & attached to external rods to stabilize the fracture while it heals |
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Definition
| layers of connective tissue w/ intermeshed fibers that can withstand limited stretching |
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Definition
| fracture that occurs in normal or abnormal bone that is subject to repeated stress, such as from jogging or running |
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Definition
| devices including pins, plates, intramedullary rods & metal & bioabsorbable screws are surgically inserted at the time of realignment |
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Term
| intertrochanteric fracture |
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Definition
| a crack in the proximal femur between the greater & the lesser trochanters that usually requires surgical intervention |
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Definition
| synthesized organic bone matrix (collagen) & are the basic bone-forming cells |
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Definition
| severe infection of the bone, bone marrow & surrounding soft tissue |
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Definition
| chronic, progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass & structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility |
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Definition
| numbness & tingling, often described as “pins & needles” sensation |
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Definition
| pinpoint-sized red dots under the surface of the skin |
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Definition
| an injury to tendinoligamentous structures surrounding a joint, usually caused by a wrenching or twisting motion |
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Definition
| excessive stretching of a muscle & its fascial sheath (often involves tendon) |
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Definition
| the elastic tension of living muscles, arteries, etc. that facilitate response to stimuli |
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