Term
| What is the roll of the immune system |
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Definition
The immune system protects the body from foreign invaders that would otherwise destroy it, or parts of it, via infection or cancer.
(pg 538) |
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Term
| What is the first line of defense? |
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Definition
| Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms (pg 539) |
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Term
| What are our nonspecific defense mechanisms? |
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Definition
| physical barriers, natural deterrents (fluids, or chemicals and innune cells that precent or attack invaders), and the inflammatory process |
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Term
| What are the body's physical and anatomical barriers? |
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Definition
- Mucus in the respiratory tract
- Vertebral column, spinal cord fluid, and meninges
- skin
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Term
| What are the natural physiological deterrents |
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Definition
- Acidic secretions of the vagina
- tears
- lysozyme
- nonspecifi immune system cells such as phago cytes and macrophages
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Term
| how does blood components act as a defense mechanism? |
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Definition
- by clotting factors foun in the blood (platelets)
- proteins aid in inflammation and release of phagocytes
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Term
| What is the second line of defense? |
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Definition
Specific Defense Mechanisms |
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Term
| What is included in the specific defense mechanisms |
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Definition
| antibodies and complements |
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Term
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Definition
| antibodies mark the invadins substance as a target |
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Term
| what do the complements do |
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Definition
| complements destroys the inavader |
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Term
| What does it mean when the body is immunosuppressed |
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Definition
| immunosuppressed means that the immune system is suppresed and its ability to fight infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal flora consists of a group of microorganisms that occur naturally in the mouth, skin, and gastroitestinal (GI) tract |
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Term
| What is the inflammation response |
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Definition
| it is the response of the body to infection characterized by reddness, swelling, and heat in the localized area |
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Term
| what is on the surface of antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| what attch to the combining site |
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Definition
| the epitopes of the antigens |
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Term
| what happens when the epitopes attach to the combining site |
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Definition
| the antigen becomes disabled and created agglutinate. Then macrophages and phagoctes consume the disabled antigen |
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Term
| what is the ability of the antibodies to disable a foreign invader called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a group of normall inactive enzymes that activate y the antibodies and antigen attachment |
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Term
| What do complements do one the antibody and antigen have binded |
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Definition
| they attache to the two binding sites and while the antibody is holding the antigen down the complement cells are drilling a hole in the cell which burst the cell. |
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Term
| what is the basic cell structure |
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Definition
| the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is the genetic material that holds the blueprints of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| It acts as a messenger to create protiens |
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Term
| process from DNA to RNA to DNA |
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Definition
First DNA is unwound and an enzyme makes a copy of one of the strands
The copies strand is RNA, it is a attached to a ribosome which pulls in the protines necessary to match the protiens in the RNA and the recreate another DNA cell |
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Term
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Definition
| A pathogen is a disease causing organism |
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Term
| what are the main routes of transmition of a pathogen or microbe |
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Definition
they are transmied via
- dtouch
- contaminated bodily fluids
- siliva
- air
- food
- water
- insects
- contaminated surfaces
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Term
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Definition
| Any medicine that is used for the treating of bacterial infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for viral infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Are used for fungal infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Parasites are any organism that depends on a host for survival |
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Term
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Definition
| Malaria is a disease transmitted by parasites found in malaria -infected mosquitoes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aerobic means that an organism requires oxygen to live |
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Term
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Definition
| Anaerobic means that an organism doesn't require oxygen to live |
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Term
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Definition
| HIv is a human immunodeficiency virus |
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Term
| How many stages are their to the invasion of HIV |
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Definition
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Term
| What is stage of of the HIV Virus |
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Definition
| Stage 1- initial transmission and infection with HIV |
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Term
| What is stage 2 of the HIV virus |
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Definition
Stage 2-infection without presentation of signs or symptoms (could last ten or more years)
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Term
| What is stage 3 of the HIV virus |
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Definition
| Stage 3-signs and symptoms of HIV begin to appear |
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Term
| What is stage 4 of the HIV virus |
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Definition
| Stage 4-AIDS opportunistic infection begin; CD4 cell count or level at or below 200 per cubic milimeter of blood |
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Term
| What is stage 5 of the HIV virus |
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Definition
| Stage 5 final stage of wasting and infections; ends in death. |
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Term
| what is the process of the HIV Virus invading the body |
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Definition
1. the HIV virus binds and fuses to the CD4 (white blood cell)
2. the HIV Virus tears a whole in the cell and enter the cytoplasm and breaks apart releasing its two Reverse Transcriptase enzymes and two RNA strands
3. The HIV RNA stands become binded together by the Reverse transcriptase enzyme in the cytomplasm creating an HIV DNA molecule
4. The new DNA enters the CD4 Nucleus and the integrase enyzyme insterts the new HIV DNA into the CD4 DNA creating a new HIV/CD4 DNA Hybrid.
5. then the RNA polymerase and the hybrid DNA makes mRNA with atacted to the envelope protiens and viral proteins. This makes a cell full of poly peptides with the new viral information in it.
6. the protease enzyme breaks the polypeptides in the cell and makes more viral cells |
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Term
| What is an autoimmune disorder |
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Definition
| an autoimmune disorder is any disorder that causes your immune system to produce antibodies that attack your own tissues. |
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Term
| what are the GENERAL treatments for autoimmune disorders |
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Definition
| many times immunesuppressents which helps to keep their body from getting attacked by its own cells but it also makes the highly suseptable to other infectious diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| drug resistant is when any organism is able to still function properly in the prescent of the drugs that was ment to combat it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| True or Flase: PCNs are divided into four groups of varying spectruf of activity |
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Definition
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Term
| How many generations are there of PCNs |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the four generations of PCNs |
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Definition
| Natural PCNs, penicillinase-resistant PCNs, amino PCNs, and exended-spectrum PCNs |
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Term
| what percent chance does someone who is allergic to PCNs have to be allergic to Cephlasporins |
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Definition
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Term
| How many groups are there of cephlasporins |
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Definition
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Term
| how ar the four groups of cephlesporins catagorized |
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Definition
| by their antimicrobial properties |
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