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Final Review - Ch. 2, Neuroscience and Behavior
Essentials for Understanding Psychology, Feldman
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
06/20/2013

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Term
Dendrites
Definition
Detect messages from other neurons
Term
Axons
Definition
Carry signals away from the cell body
Term
Messages INSIDE Neurons
Definition
Transmitted in electrical form
Term
Messages traveling BETWEEN neurons
Definition
Travel via chemical means
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
Produces hormones, chemical that circulate through the body via the bloodstream
Term
EEG and PET tests provide information on the __________ of the brain.
Definition
structure
Term
fMRI and TMS tests provide information on the ___________ of the brain.
Definition
functioning
Term
Neuroplasticity
Definition
Reorganization of existing neuronal connections
Term
Neurogenesis
Definition
The creation of new neurons
Term
Brain Hemispheres
Definition
Although they specialize in particular kinds of functions, the degree of specialization is not great and the two hemispheres work independently
Term
Sensation
Definition
Activation of the sense organs
Physical Response
Term
Perception
Definition
How stimuli are interpreted
Psychological Response
Term
Weber' Law
Definition
A basic law of psychophysics stating that a just noticeable difference is a constant proportion to the intensity of an initial stimulus (rather than a constant amount)

This law holds for EVERY TYPE of sensory stimuli: vision, sound, taste, and so on.
Term
Cones
Definition
Color vision
Term
Rods
Definition
Highly sensitive to light
Term
Retina
Definition
Converts the electromagnetic energy of light to electrical impulses for transmission to the brain
Term
Color vision theories
Definition
Trichromatic: three kinds of cones in the retina, each of which responds primarily to a specific range of wavelength

Opponent-process: receptor cells for color are linked in pairs, working in opposition to each other.
Term
Theories of Hearing
Definition
Place: different areas of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies

Frequency: the entire basilar membrane acts as a microphone, vibrating as a whole, in response to sound.
Term
Skin Senses
Definition
Touch

Pressure

Temperature

Pain
Term
Muller-Lyer Illusion
Definition
Hope they don't ask. pg 123 gives a picture explanation. It is about perception based on previous experience.
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