Term
| What organ system is Strychnine known for affecting? MOA? Tx? |
|
Definition
-seizures with powerful extensor rigidity
-MOA: competes with glycine
-Tx: Pentobarbital |
|
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Term
| What organ system is Tetanus known for affecting? Where does it come from? MOA? |
|
Definition
-seizures
-Clostridium tetani
-MOA: blocks release of glycine |
|
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Term
| What are the major causes of tetanus? Key clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-banding
-3rd eyelid flicking, lockjaw |
|
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Term
| Where do we find Metaldehyde? What organ system is it known for affecting? Treatment? |
|
Definition
-snail bait
-continuous seizures NOT AFFECTED BY EXTERNAL STIMULI
-Tx: Methocarbamol |
|
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Term
| What toxin do you think if there are mass bird die offs? Toxic principle? Organ system? |
|
Definition
-Avitrol bird repellant
-TP: 4-aminopyidine
-seizures |
|
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Term
| What are the major clinical signs of chocolate? Toxic principle? Treatment? |
|
Definition
-GI signs and some seizuring in smaller dogs
-TP: theobromine and caffeine
-Tx: Diazepam |
|
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Term
| What is the common name for ammoniated feed syndrome? Toxic principle? Common sources? |
|
Definition
-Bonkers
-TP: 4-methylimidazole
-Sources: high quality hay, molasses, protein blocks |
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Term
| What is the major organ system affected by water deprivation? MOA? Key clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-CNS
-MOA: Na+ passively flows in and must be actively transproted out
-CS: convulsions, blindness, head pressing |
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Term
| What is the key path signs of water deprivation seen in swine? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the toxins that cause polioencephalomalacia? |
|
Definition
-high sulfur
-corn gluten
-molasses
0distillers grain
-water
-blind
-circling |
|
|
Term
| What is the organ system affected by tremorgenic mycotoxins? Toxic principle? Common sources? |
|
Definition
-CNS
-TP: Penitrem A (moldy refrigerator food)
-Common sources: Rye grass staggers, Bermuda, Crabgrass, Dallis grass |
|
|
Term
| What is the common source of zinc phosphide? What about aluminum phosphide? |
|
Definition
-Zinc phosphide (SA): rodenticide
-Aluminum phosphide (LA): grain fumigant |
|
|
Term
| What is the major organ system affected by zinc/aluminumphosphide? Toxic principle? What is hte key finding? |
|
Definition
-CNS: running fits and tremors
-TP: PHosphene gas
-Smalls like garlic-rotten fish |
|
|
Term
| What is the major organ system affected by water hemlock? Scientific name? |
|
Definition
-CNS: violent convulsions
-Cicuta maculata |
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific name of Milkweed? Which organ system is affected? |
|
Definition
-Asclepias spp
-Broad = GI & Narrow = neuro/cardiac |
|
|
Term
| What is the organ system affected by lead? What is treatment? |
|
Definition
-CNS
-LA Tx: Ca EDTA
-SA Tx: Succimer |
|
|
Term
| What are the key clinical signs of lead toxicity in LA and SA? What is the key path sign? |
|
Definition
-LA: blind and circling
-SA: GI signs
-Path in LA: basophilic stippling
-Path in SA: basophilic stippling, nRBCs |
|
|
Term
| Which organ system is most affected by mercury poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the key lab sign we see with ura toxicity? Which organ system is affected? Treatment? |
|
Definition
-high rumen pH + metabolic acidosis
-CNS affected
-Tx: vinegar & cold water |
|
|
Term
| What is the organ system affected by moldy corn disease? Toxic principle? |
|
Definition
-CNS and hepatoencephalopathy forms
-TP: Fumonisin from Fusarium moniliforme |
|
|
Term
| What is the key path lesion seen with MOldy Corn Disease? Which species is particularly sensitive? What is the max level allowed in feed? |
|
Definition
-leukoencephalomalacia
-horses
-5ppm max in feed |
|
|
Term
| Which plant causes chewing disease? Genus name? Geographic predisposition? |
|
Definition
-Yllow Star Thistle
-Centauria spp
-western US (Here we have Russian Knapweed) |
|
|
Term
| What organ system is affected by Yellowstar Thistle toxicity? What is the key path lesion? |
|
Definition
-CNS
-nigropallidalencephalomalacia |
|
|
Term
| What are the genus of Locoweed? Major organ system affected? Toxic principle? |
|
Definition
-Astragalus & Oxytropis
-CNS
-TP: Miserotoxin |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Locoweed toxicity? Which clinical signs match each common name? |
|
Definition
-Alkali Disease: horses loose mane and tail
-True Loco: (TP = Swainosionine): abortions, hydrops, fetal leg problems
-High Mountain Dz: right heart failure |
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