Term
| A document made by Woodrow Wilson a few months before the Armistice was signed that was basically a postwar peace settlement. It was what Wilson thought the peacy treaty should look like. |
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Definition
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| Outline in the Fourteen points, Wilson thought that all nations should have ___________ so other countries would know what consequences they would face for their actions. No secrecy. |
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Definition
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| Another point from Fourteen Points that Wilson proposes is that if countries reduce their _________ there would be less pressure to fight. If nations keep building up their armies with weaponry then nations will want to use them just to prove that it was worth building. |
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| conference held in Paris after the Armistice was signed to discuss the post-war world. Versailles Treaty came out of this |
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Definition
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| The paris Peace Conference was dominated by the _______ which was the British prime minister_____, the Italian Prime Minister Victorio Orlando, the French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, and the American President______________. |
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Definition
| Big Four; David George; Woodrow Wilson |
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Term
| organization for international cooperation established by the Allied Powers at the end of WWI. It was formulated in the Paris Peace Conference and contained in the Versailles Treaty and embodied the principal of collective security. Ceased in the midst of WWII and replaced by the United Nations. |
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Definition
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| Major products of Paris Peace Conference were: |
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Definition
| League of Nations, Versailles Treaty and Treaty of Saint Germain |
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| international agreement signed at the palace of Versailles that concluded WWI. It was negotiated primarily by US, France, and GB w/o participation from the losers of the war. Germany was forced to pay reparations and to accept blame for allied losses. |
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Definition
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| in the Treaty of Versailles, one of the provisions stated that Germany would have to accept 100% blame for the war- Article 231 ____________ |
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Definition
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| Although the treaty of Versailles caused ease through some of the 1920s, it created an environment of bitterness that fostered the rise of the _________ in Germany, the rise of _________ in Italy, and established the League of Nations and the International Labor Organization |
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Definition
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| French General and Marshal of France who realized that the Versailles Treaty would only cause Germany great humiliation and would cause an Armistice for 20 years. There would be no peace, and he was right- 20 years and 2 months later German tanks fired into Polland thus starting WWII. |
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Definition
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| Following the The Treaty of Versailles, an age of __________ and the rise of __________ came. |
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| A philosophy of government (in this sense, in ITALY) that stresses the primacy and glory of the state- unquestioning the leaders obedience. Liberal and democratic values are DISPARAGED, and this rose out of the fear of the working class. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two principal parts of facism? |
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Definition
| nationalism and socialism |
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Term
| the aspect of Fascism that means love for ones country above all else- it's culture, ancestry, and history- forcing the values of that nation on anyone and everyone making it a unifying entity. Exalts nation and race above all other things. |
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Definition
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| another aspect of fascism where producing and distributing goods is controlled by a centralized government (television). You can still own a home and private property, etc. |
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Definition
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| Italy's leader and most famous Fascist |
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Definition
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| After WWI, Italy was economically in the tank and Italians were pissed at their government (Victorio Orlando) because they did not get the colonies they wanted out of the war- This is when Bennito Mussolini takes the opportunity to create _________ in Italy. This means "unity" in Latin and he wants people to remember when Italy dominated the world and how great their empire would be |
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Definition
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| After Mussolini came to power in Italy, he squashed the rights to ________, _________, and opposing political powers. He also had his oppositions in parliament assasinated when election time came around. People say this is when Mussolini became a _____________. |
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Definition
| free speech, free press; dictator |
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Term
| a government that practices autocratic rule with absolute ruler (ruler who is unconstrained by law) |
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Definition
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Term
| Born in Austria and had in interest in art. Moved to Vienna as a teenager to study art and soon goes to Munich to join the German army as a private. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hitler;s theory that German military did not lose the war, they were betrayed by their own country when they surrendered. German citizens caused the weapon shortages and all of this made german soldiers really mad. |
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Definition
| Stabbed in the Back Theory |
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Term
| When the german Kaiser abdicated, Germany became a republic known as the ____________- the name given to the parliamentary republic established in Germany to replace the imperial form of government in the city of Weimer. Germany had 30 political parties at the time. |
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Definition
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| an extreme anti-semitic political party in Munich that Hitler went to join; Hitler becomes head of the party by the 1920s and renamed it to make it more appealing to a broad spectrum of people to National Socialist German Workers Party which Hitler abbreviates to NSDAP (german) and in english is translate to the ____________ |
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Definition
| german workers party; Nazi Party |
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| Hitler and the Nazi's will orchestrate (or try) an insurrection in Germany and will gather men and march to Munich to take over the Bavarian government to get them to join the March to Berlin. Police stop them with weapons and Hitler is sentenced to 5 years in prison but only serves 8 months. |
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Definition
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Term
| seven treaties were developed in Switzerland and signed in London and was btw GB, France, Italy, etc to secure post-war territorial settlements and in return would normalize relations with Germany and pay reparations to help the German economy. |
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Definition
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Term
| the plan between the US and Germany in which US agreed to loan the Germans money to help with inflations and get Germany stabilized (money for like infrastructure) |
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Definition
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Term
| Hitler's book that he wrote in prison and it meant "my struggle". Basically a blueprint of his ideas because he describes his youth, the early days in the Nazi army, and his extreme hatred for other races. It should his extreme nationalism and also stated supremacy of the ________race to which he was apart of. His book also describes his plans for Germany and the last bit of the book describes his idea of _________ which means "room" or "living space" |
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Definition
| Mein Kamph; aryan;Lebensraum |
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Term
| The supreme race according to Hitler- white, blue eyed, and blonde and they are responsible for all advancements in civilization. He says that this race was destroyed through ____________ bc this race was marrying outside of the race and ruining everything. Hitler also proposed that the race was too wimpy and so he instituted the __________ where he made Germans do push ups and sit ups to make them tougher. |
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Definition
| Aryan; blood poisoning; Hitler Youth Program |
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Term
| Hitler's idea of expanding Germany within Europe to the East- he thought Germany needed more space and the country was squished in. This word means "room" or "living space" |
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Definition
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Term
| When the Great Depression hit, it completely sank German economy and unemployment rose to 43% by 1932-workers were desperate and people were listening to him because he gave encouragement- the Nazi party was now the largest political party in Germany- with this Hitler is renamed to __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| in 1933- fire to the _________ (building where republic did gov't business) that Hitler blames on the Jewish Communist. |
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Definition
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Term
| Reichstag fire was used to pass the __________ that established Hitler as a dictator and abolished democracy in Germany. With this act- Hitler squashed free speech, press, right to own property, oppposition parties were outlawed, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| the official secret police of nazi Germany and created to enforce measures Hitler made from the Enabling Act and whoever opposed these was to be arrested. |
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Definition
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| First concentration camp right outside of Munich for political prisoners. Tame camp because when US took over it lice were found everywhere and it had to be completely burned down. Not only were Jews sent to camps but so were Jehovahs witnesses and gypsies. |
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Definition
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Term
| largest concentration camp. located in poland and only concentration camp to still have crematoriums and gas chambers still intact. They have entire rooms filled with personal belongings of the people they were put in the camps. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1933- Hitler pulled Germany out of _________ and would no longer make reparation payments and would begin building German _______ and tanks to increase army. British and French are pissed but they don't want to invade and stop him so they let Hitler do it (risk of another war) |
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Definition
| Versailles Treaty; U Boats |
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Term
| in 1935- German president _________ dies and even though German constitution forbids the president and the chancellor be the same person- Hitler took both sides and acquiring the name ________ which means "the leader" |
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Definition
| Paul von Hindenburg; Fuhrer |
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Term
| After hitler became the Fuhrer- Germany signs an alliance with italy-____________- called this because the alliance ran straight down the center of Europe. |
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Definition
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Term
| Italy invades _______ showing their expansionist/nationalism playing out- even tho they barely won. |
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Definition
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Term
| Germany lost materials of the Saar for years because of the __________ (under French control) and when the French openly encouraged the Saar to stay with the French- The Saar chose________ |
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Definition
| Versailles Treaty; Germany |
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Term
| in 1936- Germany re-militerized ___________- in the Versailles treaty it stated that Germany was forbidden to the left and right banks of this. So basically this undid the Versailles Treaty |
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Definition
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Term
| first concrete example of hitler's efforts against the Jews- mainly stripped German Jews of their citizenship- they could be arrested and held and deported. They had to wear the Star of David on their clothes so they could be easily and quickly idenified. Also stated that anyone who served in the government must be Aryan |
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Definition
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Term
| Generally considered the event that began WWII |
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Definition
| Japanese invasion of China |
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Term
| annexation of Austria into the Third Reich of Germany by the Nazi Regime |
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Definition
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Term
| area that rims Czechlosavkia and Germany- Hitler wanted it bc he considered it German even tho most of the ppl were from Austria that lived there. Germans said that they were going to invade but the people of this place stood up to Hitler and said no. |
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Definition
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Term
| a conference btw Germany, France and GB about the occupation of sudetenland- Hitler said it was his last military invasion and admitted he was a little aggressive and was trying to do what was best for the German people. He says if they allow him to do this, then he will be a good neighbor and bring peace to Europe. |
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Definition
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| Naturally- Gb/ France fell for Hitler's "promise" and hitler invades sudentenland and czech and slovakian parts of czechloslavokia- If hitler moves again- he will move against_________. |
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Definition
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Term
| GB and France stand up and say if Hitler invades Poland that they will defend it- but Hitler has things to consider before he invades: _______ might be upset because it would look like Germany was after them too (history btw the two), also the _____would be concerned becase they know Hitler hates the Communist and they know that Hitler hates Slavic people- and the major Slavic nation is ______so they fear German invasion into Poland. Lastly- Gb and France assure that they will go to war and the Soviet Union also assures they will go to war so now Hitler has the problem of a _______ |
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Definition
| Russia; Soviets;russia; two front war |
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Term
| a pact btw russia and germany that they would not fight- dumfounded the world but the details were that Russia also lost alot of land in the end of WWI so if Russia moved into areas to resize the areas lost- Germany would take it as a big threat so they agree to ______ land-Poland- and russia would then be able to move without German interference to reclaim eastern poland. and when they meet int he middle they wouldnt fight |
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Definition
| Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact |
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Term
| Despite the nazi-soviet non-aggression pact- hitler still invades Poland signaling the start of __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Germans innagurate the idea of ___________- called this because they will do surprise attacks by German aircraft and cruiser tanks. they will be lightening fast attacks. |
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Definition
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Term
| line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, machine gun posts, and other defenses along Frances borders with Germany and Italy-particurlarly Germanys. |
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Definition
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Term
| Germany seizes _______ after Denmark because there is a national source of H30 there which is heavy water- they want the extra Hydrogen element to work on the _________. |
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Definition
| Norway; hydrogen/atomic bomb |
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Term
| GErmany is now ready to go for France and as they did in WWI they went through________and squeezed the French into their own Maginot Line and the French surrendered in 6 weeks. Now the only country left fighting is __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbor of Dunkirk-aka Operation Dynamo, Famous because even though Hitler knew what was going on he halted his army. and British army successfully got out of France |
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Definition
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Term
| Britains new prime minister who called the Evacuation of Dunkirk "Britains finest hour" |
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Definition
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Term
| non-typical battle of the german airforce waged against the british air-force particularly against RAF-Royal Airforce. Mainly an air and sea battle |
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Definition
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Term
| The battle of the britain involved the german ______ air force and the british ______ airforce. The germans also had _______ rockets |
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Definition
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Term
| US is getting worried for britain in the battle of britain bc Germany is hammering them- they send distress signals and land in Canada- US and Churchill also worked out a plan that if the US gave britain 50 much needed destroyers then the British would give them possession of land in the West Indies for landing:________________ |
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Definition
| Destroyers-for-Bases Plan |
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Term
| Germanys main problem is that most of the battle is over Great Britain so if a German pilot is shot down then he is taken as a __________- germany begins to run out of pilots so in mid-fall Hitler calls off the attack |
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Definition
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Term
| in order to help the british the US devises the ______ plan where the president could assist the nations fighting the axis powers (germany, italy, and japan) by sending them equipment or war materials to any country that was fighting their enemies- US produced military equip for the other nations of the world to fight their enemies with it. |
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Definition
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Term
| Germany finally attacks _________ bc he doesnt worry about the western front anymore or a two front war- He attacks the areas rich in ______ first because germany needed it. When germans attacked- Stalin delayed response bc he was surprised. |
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Definition
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| signed by british and americans in a submarine in the atlantic- they agree to a "defeat hitler first" policy- this is interesting bc the US isnt even in the war yet and it also means that they will plan on fighting Japan "second" |
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Definition
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Term
| Bc of "fight Japan second" part of Atlantic Charter, Japanese attacks US at _________ on Dec. 7th, 1941. The US declared war the next day, also going to war with Germany since they were allied with Japan. |
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Definition
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Term
| General Dwight D. Eisenhower |
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Definition
| overall commander of Allied forces |
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Term
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Definition
| lead general of Allied ground forces |
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Term
| Eisenhower and Patton fight in ________ bc Egypt was occupied by the British, but Germany and Italy wanted the land bc it was rich in resources (oil) |
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Definition
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Term
| G. Britain defends Egypt and stop Nazi movement into Egypt at _________. The US troops push from the west to push Germans out of Africa. Although it takes a while, they are successful in stopping German Advances |
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Definition
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Term
| Now the Soviets are desperate for GB and US to create 2-front war. They want them attack France, but instead they attack _______ to take them out of the war. |
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Definition
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Term
| GB and US take Sicily easily, then attack Italy-Proper and Italian Peninsula. At ______, they go around Italian armies and attack, causing Rome to fall and ________ ousted from power. _____, the largest tank battle of work, marks beginning of systematic pushing back of Nazis out of Soviet Union. |
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Definition
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Definition
| US and GB great a 2nd front by a surprise attack at Normandy beaches. Against all odds, US had secured the beaches and began to bring in supplies and reinforcement. Things go pretty quickly: Paris liberated in July and US begins moving towards Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| last German offensive; Germans attacked unexpectedly in a hilly forested area and almost broke through the line and turned the tide of the war, but they did not. The Germans lost and this basically ends WWII |
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Term
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Definition
| after German defeat, one question remained: Who would make it to Berlin first? Soviets capture Berlin and find Hitlers body after he commits suicide (won't even show US or British his body) |
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Term
| The way the Soviets acted after capturing Berlin sets the tone for the ________ because they had overrun all the nations that had been taken in WWI and impose _________ on them. |
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Definition
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Term
May 8th: V-E Day
(Victory in Europe) |
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Definition
| Nazis did not surrender until May 8th, and Allied forces won WWII |
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Term
| based on simply theory: object was to get russian army mobilized and moving by getting troops organized and suppled and germans fig it would take about 2 months to do this. in the meantime they will try and knock France out of the war and they do by going around the French army and capturing paris in 7 wweeks. |
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Definition
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Term
| protector of german neutrality |
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Definition
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Term
| president at the time of WWI is ____________ and he was only interested in one foreign policy: ___________- he believed that a nation who was democratic was good and just and that the US was protector of democracy |
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Definition
| woodrow wilson; democracy |
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Term
| Wilson does not want US troops to risk their lives to make sure the Czar stays in power so to solve issues he views both sides are corrupt and fighting for corrupt monarchies- the us will declare _________ |
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Definition
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| belgian massive fortification along their border and said that it could not be tainted. they told the germans to alter their battle plan bc of their confidence in its structure- but the germans took blueprints to engineers and got heavy artillery and iin less than 7 days this fort fell |
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Definition
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Term
| Since communication is so bad it makes it hard for Germans to stay in line- some move faster then others, some get lost, etc- so therefore units get broken up and some get too far up front and the line is not a smooth line anymore which is really bad bc every enemy tries to do this to their opponent but the Germans have already created this break for the Allies- Shockingly the French notice this break in German lines and the French will attack directly into the broken units of Germans until they stall and break down- Germans will "hold" this battle because they have no momentum- this battle is called ______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Germans will build ________ all the way across the English channel to Switzerlan for defensive purposes of French and Germany. From this point on WWI is characterized by ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| the area of ground btw opposing armies where no one would want to go, it essentially means to clear all sides. (this was btw the trenches) |
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Definition
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Term
| Russian soldiers in WWI battle in _________: one with the gun and one with the ammunition. They had so many soldiers that they just waited until one got shot to replace with another. |
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Definition
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Term
| battle where Germans encircled and destroyed Russian Second Army victoriously. At first Russians were moving faster then Germans expected, but Russians only looked good on paper because of their size. Germans are better equipped with heavy artillery, so Germans defeat russia in this battle (and Warsaw) by pushing russia significantly backwards. |
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Definition
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Term
| at the end of 1914- ________ powers have advantage bc they are fighting Russia and France |
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Definition
| central- ott empire, germany, austria |
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Term
| in 1915, the war intensifies and major campaigns shift to the ________ front |
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Definition
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Term
| Germans plan to use _______ for defense and they shift much of their army to the East where they can pick on Russia and push them back quite a bit. |
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Definition
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Term
| The british could see that Russia was inept and they only way to force a __________ on Germany that they wanted so badly was to get military supplies to Russia- but how? Obviously the best route would be to sail around Denmark in the Balkan Sea but then they would have to contend with ____________ |
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Definition
| two front war; german u boats |
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Term
| "under the sea boats" (submarines) that patrol areas by GB like the North Sea and The English Channel |
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Definition
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Term
| If GB cant go through the Balkan SEa because of U Boats then the next option would be to go thru Spain and up the straights and the black sea to Russia but the problem here is that the ____________ controls the straights and wont allow british to sail through |
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Definition
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Term
| The end result to getting supplies to Russia is orchestrated by the British to attack the Ottoman Empire bc it is weak and thus weaken the central powers and gain control of the straights to ship supplies by pressuring Germany into a two front war- this will happen on the Gallipoli Peninsula. |
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Definition
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Term
| The problem in the Gallipoli Campaign is that British army is in France so __________ will command troops- Austrian New Zealand Army Corps- and when they land in 1915 there are spies telling them that the turks are demoralized and that the battle will be easy- however, the turks ally is ____________ and they have been pumping equipment down a RR (Orient Express) so Turks are now healthy and strong. |
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Definition
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Term
| The end result of the _____________ is a devastating loss for the british and ______________ is forced to resign as a result of the loss. |
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Definition
| GAllipoli Campaign; Winston Churchill |
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Term
| in 1915- Italy joins the ________- pryed to them really bc they were told if Allies were victorious then they (Italy) would get Germanys colonies in Africa |
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Definition
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Term
| British passenger liner that sails btw Liverpool and NYC that sank as a result of a German U Boat attack by Germanys need to sink it |
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Definition
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Term
| strategy by Germans to impart as many casualties as possible onto French and shed as much blood of the French they could so they would have to wave the white flag_________________, and the battle that results because of this strategy is ______________ |
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Definition
| "bleed them white"; battle of verdun |
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Term
| battle where germans throw everything they have at french and cause millions of casualties- constantly hits paris to remind them that Germans are here- They use poison gas, mustard gas, first to use airplanes. |
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Definition
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Term
| famous WWI fighter that earned his nickname_________ after shooting down almost 80 allied planes and bc he painted his plane all red. |
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Definition
| Baron Mansfred von Richtoffen; The REd Baron |
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Term
| French commander and field marshall; nazi collaborator |
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Definition
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Term
| important event that happened in st petersburg, russia was that Germans have hold of Russian Territories where food is produced(Breadbasket) so food prices keep going up esp in winter and people blame ____________- protests break out and grow larger and larger and the czar knows that the protestors will break into the palace located in st petersburg- so in feb 1916 he voluntarily abdicates and all power is transferred to the ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| as a result of czar nicholas II stepping down and duma coming into the picture- Russia becomes a _________ bc duma has no power but it democratically elected |
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Definition
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Term
| sent by Alfred Zimmerman the german foreign minister to mexico asking mexico to declare war on US if central powers were successful- The Germans would push for Mexican Succession it would be returned to mexico but british intercepted the telegram |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 things make US enter the war |
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Definition
| 1. Russia is a democracy (us is protector of democracy) 2. Germans indiscriminantly sinking ships. 3. zimmerman telegram |
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Term
| when communist take power they immediately start making negotiations with Germany to get out of WWI- so they sign a treaty (btw central powers and russia) to end russias participation in WWI without allied powers knowing about it. ended up bad for russia though bc they lost alot of territorial land |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Now that Germany has gotten what they wanted from the Schlieffan Plan after treaty of breast litovsk- they can move to their army to France for one last throw to take Paris down to defeat the Allies- germany uses tanks, cars, etc to create mobility to try and get the line moving backwards (british). Worked at first but then the Allies counterattacked because they have been building up a strong army by the spring. Allies pushed Germans backwards and drained their energy |
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Definition
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Term
| on november 11 1918- germans and allies sign an ____________ (cease fire) to stop the fighting of WWI- did not end the war on EASTERN front but did on WESTERN. No more reasons for US to shed blood |
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Definition
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