Term
|
Definition
Nuclear DNA
Surrounds nucleus
Clumped of smooth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small mass of chromatin within the nucleus
Central or eccentric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bar shaped inclusion composed of condensed RNA found within some amoeba cysts
Splintered or rounded ends |
|
|
Term
| Most Ameobae and Ciliates reproduce asexually through ____ ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Division of the cell into two identical daughter cells of equal size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Growth and feeding stage
Motile
Reproductive Stage
May be transmissible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Resistant and Transmissible stage
Non-motile
Excystation
Not found in all protozoa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transformation of cyst into troph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PATHOGENIC Intestinal amoeba
High prevalance rate in the tropics (50%) |
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
# of Nuclei: 1, 2, or 4
Peripheral chromatin: Smooth, evenly distributed
Karyosome: small and central
Chromatoidal bar: rounded; cigar-shaped |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
# of Nuclei: 1
Peripheral chromatin: smooth
Karyosome: small and central
Cytoplasm: Ingested RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of motility does E. histolytica have? |
|
Definition
| Unidirectional, purposeful |
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - E. histolytica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Stage - E. histolytica |
|
Definition
| Cysts and/or trophozoites |
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Entamoeba histolytica |
|
Definition
Ingest infective cyst through contaminated food, water, fomite, or vector.
Sexual transmission from feces |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Entamoeba histolytica |
|
Definition
| Identify cysts and trophs in stool or Serology |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Entamoeba histolytica |
|
Definition
Extraintestinal amebiasis
Amebic dysentery |
|
|
Term
| Extraintestinal amebiasis |
|
Definition
| Invades bloodstream and travels to liver, brain, lungs, etc. |
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
Small central karyosome
1-4 Nuclei
Evenly distributed peripheral chromatin
cigar-shaped chromatiodal bars
6-8 micrometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
Eccentric karyosome
1-8 Nuclei
Unevenly distributed peripheral chromatin
Splintered chromatoidal bars
15-25 micrometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
Large, atypical karyosome
Clear karyolymph space
1-4 Nuclei
"Ink blot" nucleus
No peripheral chromatin
No Chromatoidal bars
6-12 micrometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
Large, irregular karyosome
Cloudy karyolymph space
Large glycogen vacuole
1 Nuclei
No peripheral chromatin
No chromatoidal bars
"Ink Blot" nucleus
8-20 micrometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
Small central karyosome
1 Nuclei
Evenly distributed peripheral chromatin
No RBCs in Cytoplasm
<10 micrometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
Small eccentric karyosome
1 Nuclei
Unevenly distributed peripheral chromatin
Ingested bacteria in cytoplasm
15-25 micrometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
Large atypical karyosome
Clear karyolymph space
1 Nuclei
No peripheral chromatin
Smooth Cytoplasm
"Ink Blot" Nucleus
6-12 micrometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
Large irregular karyosome
Cloudy karyolymph space
1 Nuclei
No peripheral chromatin
Cytoplasm: Vacuolated; contains debris
"Ink Blot" Nucleus
8-20 micrometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| E. hartmanni, E. coli, Endolimax nana, and Iodamoeba butschlii all have what kind of motility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - E. hartmanni, E. coli, E. nana, I. buetschlii |
|
Definition
| Ingest infective cyst through contaminated food, water, fomite, or vector |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - E. hartmanni, E. coli, E. nana, I. buetschlii |
|
Definition
| Identify cysts and trophs in stool |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic stage - E. hartmanni, E. coli, E. nana, I. buetschlii |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - E. hartmanni, E. coli, E. nana, I. buetschlii |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opportunistic and Pathogenic Tissue amoeba |
|
|
Term
T or F:
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living organism in warm fresh water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Naegleria fowleri an ameboflagellate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
Granular cytoplasm
Vacuolated
1 Nucleus with large dense karyosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - Naegleria fowleri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Stage - Naegleria fowleri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Naegleria fowleri |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of trophozoites from infected water (swimming) |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Naegleria fowleri |
|
Definition
| Identify trophozoites in CSF and brain tissue |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Naegleria fowleri |
|
Definition
| Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis - fatal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opportunistic and Pathogenic tissue amoeba |
|
|
Term
T or F:
Acanthamoebia species are free living organisms in soil and fresh water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
Wrinkled outer wall
Hexagonal inner wall
1 Large Nucleus with ink-blot karyosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
Pleomorphic
Acanthapodia
Vacuolated
1 Large nucleus with ink-blot karyosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - Acanthamoebia species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Stage - Acanthamoebia species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Acanthamoebia species |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of trophozoites through contaminated dust, invasion of broken skin, or mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Acanthamoebia species |
|
Definition
| Identify cysts and trophs from Brain Biopsy or Corneal Scrapings |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Acanthamoebia species |
|
Definition
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
Amebic keratitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only Pathogenic Ciliate to Humans
Largest Parasitic Protozoa |
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
Macronucleus - day to day function
Micronucleus - cellular division
Presence of vacuoles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite morphology:
Macronucleus and Micronucleus
Vacuolated cytoplasm
Cytostome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytostome = ______ ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - Balantidium coli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Stage - Balantidium coli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Balantidium coli |
|
Definition
| Ingest infective cyst through contaminated food or water |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Balantidium coli |
|
Definition
| Identify ciliated cysts and trophs in stool |
|
|
Term
| Most flagellates reproduce asexually through ____ ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 Life Cycle Stages for Flagellates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most Common Pathogenic Intestinal Protozoa in the United States |
|
Definition
| Giardia intestinalis (lamblia) |
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
# of Nuclei: 2-4
No peripheral chromatin
Karyosome: Large and Central
2-4 axonemes & median bodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
Pear shaped; bilaterally symmetric
# of Nuclei: 2 anterior
No peripheral chromatin
Karyosome: Large and central
# of Flagella: 8
2 Central axonemes and median bodies
Ventral disk: organelle for attachment to host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of motility does Giardia intestinalis exhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - Giardia intestinalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Stage - Giardia intestinalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Giardia intestinalis |
|
Definition
| Ingest infective cyst through contaminated water, food, fomites, flies, as well as person-to-person contact |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Giardia intestinalis |
|
Definition
| Identify cysts and trophs in stool or Serology |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Giardia intestinalis |
|
Definition
Travelers (backpackers) Diarrhea
Beaver Fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogenic Intestinal Amoeboflagellate |
|
|
Term
T or F:
Dientamoeba fragilis is commonly observed as a co-infection with E. vermicularis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
# of Nuclei: 2
No peripheral chromatin
Karyosome: Composed of 4-8 granules
Cytoplasm: Contains RBCs, vacuoles, and bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F:
Dientamoeba fragilis has a Non-purposeful motility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - Dientamoeba fragilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Stage - Dientamoeba fragilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Dientamoeba fragilis |
|
Definition
| Uncertain; Ingestion of trophozoite (fecal-oral route) or with the ingestion of E. vermicularis ova |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Dientamoeba fragilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pathogenic Urogenital Flagellate |
|
|
Term
T or F:
Humans are the Only known host for Trichomonas vaginalis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
# of Nuclei: 1
No peripheral chromatin
small karyosome
# of Flagella: 4 Anterior
Axostyle
Undulating membrane - 1/2 edge of body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of motility does Trichomonas vaginalis have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Trichomonas vaginalis |
|
Definition
| Sexual transmission of trophozoites |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Trichomonas vaginalis |
|
Definition
| Direct wet mount - identify trophozoites |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Trichomonas vaginalis: Female Specimen |
|
Definition
Vaginal scrapings
Urethral discharge
Urine sediment |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Trichomonas vaginalis: Male Specimen |
|
Definition
Semen
Urethral discharge
Urine sediment |
|
|
Term
T or F:
Trichomonas vaginalis does NOT have a cyst stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nonpathogenic Intestinal Flagellate |
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Chilomastix mesnili |
|
Definition
| Ingest cysts through contaminated food, water, or fecal-oral route |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Chilomastix mesnili |
|
Definition
| Identify cysts and trophs in stool |
|
|
Term
Cyst Morphology:
Anterior Knob
Internal 'hook'/Nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Troph Morphology:
Curved pointed tail
Anterior nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nonpathogenic Intestinal Flagellate |
|
|
Term
T or F:
There is NOT a cyst stage associated with Trichomonas hominis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trophozoite Morphology:
Undulating membrane extends full body length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Trichomonas hominis |
|
Definition
| Ingest trophozoites through contaminated food, water, or fecal-oral route |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Trichomonas hominis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F:
All Hemoflagellate species require an insect vector for transmission |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do Hemoflagellates reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 Life Cycle Stages of Hemoflagellates |
|
Definition
Amastigotes
Promastigotes
Epimastigotes
Trypomastigote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmitted by the vector: tsetse fly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trypomastigote Morphology:
"S" shaped
Central nucleus
Posterior kinetoplast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective stage - Trypanosoma brucei |
|
Definition
| metacyclic trypomastigotes |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic stage - Trypanosoma brucei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Trypanosoma brucei |
|
Definition
| Infected tsetse fly bites human; trypomastigotes are deposited into bite from fly salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Trypanosoma brucei |
|
Definition
| Identify "S" shaped trypomastigotes in peripheral blood, lymphatic fluid, or spinal fluid |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Trypanosoma brucei |
|
Definition
African Sleeping Sickness
-can invade the CNS in chronic cases
Winter bottom signs |
|
|
Term
| American Trypanosomes (Central and South America) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmitted by the vector: Reduviid Bug (kissing bug) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Trypomastigote Morphology:
"C" shaped
Central nucleus
Prominent posterior kinetoplast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - Trypanosoma cruzi |
|
Definition
| metacyclic trypomastigotes |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Stage - Trypanosoma cruzi |
|
Definition
| Intracellular amastigotes OR trypomastigotes |
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Trypanosoma cruzi |
|
Definition
| Infected reduviid bug bites human and fecally contaminates wound; trypomastigotes are deposited into bite from bugs feces |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Trypanosoma cruzi : Acute |
|
Definition
| Identify "C" shaped trypomastigotes in peripheral blood or bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Trypanosoma cruzi: Chronic |
|
Definition
| Identify amastigotes in muscle tissue (heart) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Trypanosoma cruzi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intraceullar form
No external flagellum
Centric nucleus
Anterior kinetoplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Free flagellum
central nucleus
Anterior kinetoplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Free flagellum
Undulating membrane - 1/2 body length
Central nucleus
Juxtanuclear kinetoplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Free flagellum
Undulating membrane - full body length
Central nucleus
Posterior Kinetoplast |
|
|
Term
| How is the Leishmania species transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 Leishmania species that we covered in class? |
|
Definition
Leishmania tropica
L. brasiliensis
L. donovani |
|
|
Term
Amastigote Morphology:
Small
Round
Eccentric Nucleus
Anterior Kinetoplast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective Stage - Leishmania species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Stage - Leishmania species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Method of Infection - Leishmania species |
|
Definition
| Infected sandfly bites human and regurgitates promastigotes into wound |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Leishmania tropica & Leishmania brasiliensis |
|
Definition
| Identify amastigotes in macrophages of skin lesions |
|
|
Term
| Method of Diagnosis - Leishmania donovani |
|
Definition
| Identify amastigotes from organ tissue (spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, RES) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Leishmania tropica |
|
Definition
| Cutaneous leishmaniasis (skin) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Leishmania brasiliensis |
|
Definition
| Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (nose, lips) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms/Disease associated with Leishmania donovani |
|
Definition
| Visceral leishmaniasis (internal organs - Reticuloendothelial System) |
|
|
