Term
| 5 Colonial powers in M.A. |
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Definition
Spain
Britain
France
The Netherlands
Denmark |
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Mexico
Central America
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Puerto Rico |
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Carribean coast of C. America
Belize
Jamaica
Trinidad
Barbados
Grenada
Bahamas |
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Haiti
GuadeloupeMartinique
St. Martin |
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| The Netherlands' colonial power |
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| St. Maarten, Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao |
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Indigenous peoples paid tribute to Spanish conquistadors
Labor and products
Education of language and religion in return |
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Gave Portugal Land east
Spanish granted all land west (carribean) |
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Indian labor mines and farms
Based on old tradition to supply labor for public works (roads, buildings, etc) |
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| Judicial districts put in Spain and colonies in 1500's |
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| focused on producing gold and silver to bring back to Europe |
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| Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella |
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| 1469 Established the Catholic Monarchy |
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| Aztec and indian's religions were drawn parallel to Christianity and eventually blended together |
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| Black Christ of Esquipulas |
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Definition
Black crucifix of Christ that tied together Mayan/christian beliefs
Guatemala
Edible clays |
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Sees Christ as both Redeemer and Liberator
Political activism to help the poor and oppressed |
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Benito Juarez
Appeal to poor and oppressd
Independent of foreign control-local/national movements |
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view haile selassie as the messiah
ganja is a sacrament |
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| spanish born but residing in the colonies |
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| Spanish descent but born in colonies |
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Criollo priest who worked with Indians
marched to Mexico City in 1810
executed in 1811 |
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| 3 guarantees of Mexican Dependence |
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Definition
Mexico independent monarchy
Criollos and peninsulares have equal rights
Catholic church maintains monopoly |
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Augustine Iturbide
1822
Bankrupted Mexico (allowed peninsulares to take all goods with them) |
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1836 signs peace treaty that loses Texas
Exiled until 1838 war with France
Had funeral for leg |
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1846 US declares war when Mexico wants Texas back
1848 treaty of guadalupe hidalgo- US gets land |
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Indian that is 1861 president of Mexico
France invades when he declares debt on them |
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| Led the Liberation Army of the South of Mexico |
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| kept Euros out of Latin America |
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Allows U.s. to come into Latin America
Benefited L.A. economies |
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| Franklin Roosevelt "good neighbor policy" |
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Definition
| Renounces military action in L.A., but we start to control Govt. officials |
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Studied population vs. food production (arithmatical growth)
Moral restraint, contraception, death would keep pop. in check |
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Dutch demographer
"as pop. increases, so will food production" |
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| number of live births per 1000 people in a year |
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| number of deaths per 1000 people in a year |
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| annual number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 1000 live births |
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| Demographic Transition Model |
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Definition
Warren Thompson
Showed how demographics and population progressed in 4 stages as civilzations developed |
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Term
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Definition
push people away from current/previous location
(ex. natural disasters) |
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Pull people to a new location
(ex. jobs) |
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| Problems with Rapid Urban Growth |
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Definition
Pollution
Congestion
Overcrowding/Shantytowns
Lack of urban services |
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Definition
| A complex series of economic, social, technological, and political changes seen as increasing interdependence and interaction between people and companies in disparate locations. |
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| Feb 1519 Cortes lands on the Yucatan |
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| Suggested importation of slaves from Africa to replace indigenous work force but later recanted |
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| Greater antilles islands (4) |
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Definition
Puerto Rico
Hispanola
Jamaica
Cuba |
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| 4 plates in middle america |
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Definition
North American
Cocos
Carribean
Pacific |
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| Long term weather effects |
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| Short term environmental conditions |
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| Clouds pushed over mountains |
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Definition
| sun heats up clouds, which build up and combine |
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Definition
| cold fronts push warm air up, which condense the clouds |
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Term
| Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) |
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Definition
| Belt of low pressure air that migrates north and south throughout the year, bringing heavy rains |
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Definition
Semi-arid soils, beneath grasslands
high organic content |
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semiarid to humid soils, hardwood forests and coastal lowlands
young but fertile |
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| Humid soils, highly weathered, low nutrients |
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| part of nature, occur naturally |
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| occur due to human establishments where natural hazards exist |
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| simple volcano from single vent of lava |
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| Built from alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, and blocks, huge mountains |
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| Lake volcanoes, made of several vents or lake of lava |
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| german climatologist who developed the climate system |
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| Tropical rainforest vegetation |
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Definition
selva
found in east-central and southern mexico |
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| Sclerophyllous vegetation |
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Definition
(scrub and chaparral)
found in northern baja peninsula
generally a transition to drier areas |
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Thorny forests and woodlands
found along pacific coast of mexico and central america |
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| Desert and shrub vegetation |
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Definition
| vegetation found in N. mexico |
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| liquid lava emmited from central vent |
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very liquid lava; flows very widespread
emmited from fractures |
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very viscous lava, relatively small
can be explosive
comonly occurs adjactent to craters of composite volcanoes |
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| Measures income inequality |
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1969 El Salvador vs Honduras
Riots at soccer game
Salvador immigrants into honduras |
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Aruba, Bonaire, Curacoa
Trinidad and Tobago |
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Jamaica
egg carton limestone pattern |
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Sevis Lwa- service to spirits
African/christian
Haiti |
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low lying coral limestone islands
ABC islands |
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UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
Internal Waters
Territorial waters
Contiguous
Exclusize economic zone
International |
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Olmecs
Zapotecs
Teotihuacan |
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1800 BC
building 200-800BC
Collapse 900 AD |
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3 classes
Macehualli- peasants
Pochteca- Merchants
Pilli- Nobels |
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Aztec Slaves
Large portion of population |
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Tenochtitlan-largest
Texcoco
Tlacopan-smallest |
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| destroyed by hurricane (monkeys) |
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| destroyed by rain of fire |
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present
earthquake will destroy world |
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| Layer or crust and upper mantle on earth |
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proposed the continental drift theory
Pangaea |
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| Baja California Pennisula |
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Definition
San Bernardino Mountains
dominated by igneous intrusive rocks with lava caps |
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Contains deep valleys or canyons called barrancas
Mountain range extends from the U.S. border |
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| Altiplano of Mexico or Mexican Plateau |
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Definition
| contain a series of inter-mountain basins called bolsones. |
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Considered to be a continuation of the Rocky Mountains
Do not contain barrancas |
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| Range is high and rugged extends southward along the coast of southwestern Mexico |
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| Narrow land bridge between the Gulf of Tehuantepec on the Pacific and the Bay of Campeche on the Atlantic coast |
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Lowland area originally covered with tropical moist forests
High concentration of indigenous peoples |
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Mexico City
Monterrey
Guadalajara
Puebla
León |
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Mother civilization” of M. America
Major Sites:
San Lorenzo
La Venta
Tres Zapotes |
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Developed one of the first writing systems in Middle America-predecessor to Mayan system
Important Sites:
Monte Alban
Mitla |
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(Greater Antilles and Bahamas)indians
‘good’ or ‘noble’, distinct from Caribs |
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Lowlands; Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, Yucatan peninsula.
Chichen Itza
Copan
Tikal
Palenque |
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| Logosyllabic: symbols could represent a word or a syllable |
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Base 20 (vigesimal) system as opposed to base 10
Shell = 0
Dot = 1
Bar = 5
Numbers beyond 20 represented with dots above |
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Order created by Saint Dominic 13th century
Focus on spiritual dedication, education and preaching to the masses
Notables include Thomas Aquinas and las Casas |
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Order created by Francis of Assisi 13th century
Vow of poverty |
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Order created by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 16th century
Create schools, convert non-Christians, stop spread of Protestantism
Protection of indigenous peoples led to their expulsion in 1767 |
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| Guadalajara (Nueva Galicia) 154 |
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ruled by an emperor
Calpulli-Extended families that ruled
Loose hierarchy-conquered states allowed self rule but paid tribute |
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God of the South, war and sun
Main God of the Aztecs |
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| The god of the West, agriculture, disease, spring, gold |
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| God of North, night sky, rulership, the earth, and all material things |
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| The god of the East, the sky, morning star, priesthood and learning |
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| End of Moorish occupation of Iberia |
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| Spanish Objectives in the New World |
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| Two driving goals: material wealth and Christianization |
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| Served as advisor, interpreter, and mistress to Cortes |
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400 foot soldiers, 15 horsemen and 15 cannons sets out for Tenochtitlan
Moctezuma II surrenders |
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| surrenders Tenochtitlan to Cortes |
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| cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds |
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| Zone of Peripheral Squatter Settlements |
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Beggars and Homeless in L.A.
Biggest class |
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