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Final Exam
Chemical, Reproduction, Embryonic Development
24
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/17/2010

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Cards

Term
hormones
Definition
produced by endocrine gland and then have a target to work on
Term
2 types
Definition
peptide-bind to protein receptors on cell membrane
steroid-enter cell and bind to receptor proteins to bind to DNA amd transcribe
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
work with pituitary
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
right below hypoothalamus, 2 lobes
posterior-ADH , water retention by kidneys, alcohol inhibits secretion of ADH and have to pee
oxytocin-breastmilk
Term
anterior
Definition
growth-robert waldow giant man had tumor on pituitary
thyroid stimulating hormone
prolactin-milk
endorphins-pain killers
Term
location and function
thyroid
parathyroid
Definition
thyroid-neck-thyroxin increases metabolic rate
hyperthyroidism-graves disease-buldging eyes and irritable
hypothyroidism-weight gain
parathyroid-neck
Term
adrenal gland
Definition
just above kidneys
adrenal medulla-adrenaline
adrenal cortex-corticosteroids-long term response to stress
Term
pancreas
Definition
behind stomach
endocrine and exocrine function
produce trypsin and antrypsin
Term
islets of langerhans
Definition
produce insulin(beta) and glucagon (alpha)
insulin removes glucose from blood
glucagon-takes glucose from storage and puts it back in blood
Term
diabetes I and II
hypoglycemia
Definition
diabetes 1- juvenile, body attacks islet of langerhans
diabetes 2- insulin receptors decline,
hypoglycemia- overactive beta-too much insulin-reduces too much flucose
Term
pineal gland
Definition
small in brain, produces melatonin (day length)
Term
gonads
Definition
estrogen,androgens, and progestins
Term
oviduct
Definition
sweep up ova and carry to uterus, oviduct is site of fertilization
Term
ectopic pregnancy
Definition
egg implants in oviduct-very dangerous
Term
sperm journey
Definition
testes, epididymis (store sperm while they grow), vas derens (carry sperm to ejaculatory duct), seminal vesicles (clear fluid with nutrients), prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, semen, penis
Term
spermatogenesis
oogenesis
Definition
spermatogenesis-1 diploid=4 haploid sperm
oogenesis-1 diploid-1 haploid ovum
Term
ovarian cycle
Definition
FSH nad LH produced by anterior pituitary
Term
stds
bacterial
viral
protozoan
fungal
Definition
bacterial-chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphillis- antibiotics
viral-herpes, genital warts-papilloma virus
AIDS
protozoan-trichomonas
fungal-candida(yeast infections)
Term
contraception success rates
best to worst
Definition
birth control, vasectomy, tubal ligation, rhythm, withdrawal, condom, diaphragm, morning after pills
Term
3 layers of cell
Definition
ectoderm-neural tube forms nerve system,skin,eye,rectum
endoderm-lungs,liver, pancreas, reproductive system
mesoderm-connective tissue, glands
Term
hox genes
Definition
homeotic genese respond to chemical signals ad tell a cell what positive to occupy in embryo
Term
first trimester
Definition
most important, fetal and maternal tissues, nutrients, oxygen, brain, spinal chord, limbs
fetus at 9 weeks
Term
2nd trimester
Definition
increase in size
Term
3rd trimester
Definition
rapid growth, circulatory and respiratroy systems develop, hair
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