Boiling Points:

1. CH₄
2. NH₃
3. H₂O

1. -162° C
2. -33° C
3. 100° C

How strong is the hydrogen bond?

1. 146 kcal/mole
2. 63 kcal/mole
3. 83 kcal/mole
4. 99 kcal/mole
5. 104 kcal/mole

carbonyl - can be either:

• aldehyde
• ketone

K_a equation for following reaction of weak acid (HX):

HX + H₂O ↔ H₃O⁺ + X^-

K_a = [H₃O⁺] [X^-] ÷ [HX]

or:

K_a = [H₃O⁺]² ÷ [HX]

Electronegativities of following elements:

H          C          N          O          F

                        P           S          Cl

H          C          N          O          F

2.2       2.5       3.0        3.5        4.0

                        P           S          Cl

                       2.2        2.5        3.0

pK_a of methane:

 [image]

pK_a of an alkene:

[image]

pK_a of a terminal alkyne:

R≡C—H

E^A difference between eclipsed and staggered ethane:

[image]

Difference in energy between gauche and anti-butane:

[image]

How much more stable is the chair confomer than the half-chair confomer of cyclohexane?

[image]

How much more stable is equitorial methyl-cyclohexane than axial-methylcyclohexane?

[image]

In what category do these belong? Name them:

[image]

Bicyclic compounds

1. bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane (fused)
2. bicyclo [3.2.1] octane (bridged)
3. bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane (bridged)
4. bicyclo [3.3.1] nonane (bridged)
5. bicyclo [4.2.0] octane (fused)

Formula for number of possible enantiomers:

[image]

[image]

sp² hybridized

What are the relative rates of the following alkyl-halides for S_N2 reactions?

1. methyl halide (1°)
2. ethyl halide (1°)
3. isopropyl halide (2°)
4. neopentyl halide (1° - special case)
5. tertiary (3°) alkyl halide 

1. 30
2. 1
3. 0.03
4. 10^-5
5. 0

1. ΔG and
2. Rate equation for reaction: 

CH₃—Cl + ^-OH → CH₃—OH + Cl^-

1. -24 kcal/mol
2. rate = [CH₃Cl] [^-OH]Ae^ΔG/RT

Rank these oxygen containing compounds in order of decreasing nucleophilicity:

^-OH, H₂O, RO^-, ROH, RCO₂^-

Rank these compounds in order of decreasing nucleophilicity:

HS^-, I^-, ^-OH, CN^-

Rank these compounds in order of decreasing nucleophilicity:

CH₃CO₂^-, CH₃OH, CH₃O^-,CH₃CO₂H, CN^-

What are the torsional energies of the following butane conformations:

1. anti
2. eclipsed II and VI
3. eclipsed IV
4. gauche 

              (1)   (2)   (4)    (3)

[image]

For ethene, what are the:

1. hybridization state of carbons
2. bond angles

1. sp²  
2.  

[image]

Definitions of:

1. BrØnsted acid
2. BrØnsted base

1. proton (H⁺) donor
2. proton (H⁺) acceptor

Definitions of:

1. Lewis acid
2. Lewis base

1. electron pair acceptor
2. electron pair donor