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| systematic and scientific study of human behavior, social groups and society |
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1) whole is greater that sum of it's parts
2) individual impacts group
3) group impacts individual |
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-quality of mind that provides an understanding of ourselves within the context of larger society
-C. Wright Mills (history & biographies relationship) |
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| social issues rather than personal issues (trends) |
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-research-surveys-statistics
-criminal profiling
-teach
-marketing
-clinicians |
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-objectively assess ideas, statements and information
-define a problem, look beneath surface, logically analyze evidence, recognize bias. |
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| newspaper, books, radio, TV, etc |
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| personal computer, Internet, cell phones |
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Development of Sociology
-Europe |
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Definition
Enlightenment (increasing reliance on obs. logic)
-Industrialization, urbanization, immigration
-explain the social change |
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-"father of sociology"
- came up w/ the Law of 3 Stages
-positivism
-2 main components of society |
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1) religious explanations
2) philosophical
3) scientific |
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| the use of observation, comparison, experimentation, and historical method to analyze society |
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| 2 main components of society |
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Definition
-social static-patterns and structures
-social dynamic-change |
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Term
English Sociologist:
-Martineau |
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Definition
-translated Comte into English
-compared class systems in Europe and America |
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English Sociologist:
-Spencer |
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Definition
-Organic analogy-society compared to body
-Social Darwinism-survival of the fittest |
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English Sociologist:
-Marx |
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Definition
-father of the conflict theory
-"haves and the have nots" |
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English Sociologist:
-Durkheim |
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Definition
-social bonds-link people to society
-studied suicide rates and the category of people |
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English Sociologist:
-Weber |
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Definition
-ideal(pure) type-construct-measuring rods
-bureaucracy
-verstehen-empathetic understanding
-"value free" sociology |
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American Sociologist:
-Ward |
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Definition
-influenced by Comte and Spencer
-pure vs. applied sociology |
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| principles to improve society |
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-NAACP founder-social justice for African Americans
-Addams-Hull House- aid poor and homeless
(applied sociology) |
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Term
| Structural functionalist perspective |
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Definition
-Macro level
-how parts work together(institutions and groups)
-interdependent, interrelated
-social order & stability
-functions and dysfunctions of society
-ex. (Comte, Spencer, Durkheim) |
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Definition
-macro level
-ex. ( Marx, "haves and the have nots")
-competing interest groups battling/conflicting for power |
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-micro level
-day to day social interaction
-shared meanings-symbols in basic life
-communications |
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-observation
-media(authority)
-experience-trial & error learning
-cultural tradition-accepted "facts" passed down
-faith |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge based on empirical evidence gained through direct, systematic, observation |
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| ways that concepts vary or differ |
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-educated guess
-links 2 variables
-one variable that affects another variable |
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| Set of interrelated statements that attempt to explain something |
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| measuring what you propose to measure |
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| Consistency of measurement |
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Term
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Definition
| -guidelines used in the research process |
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Term
| Scientific Method Steps: (8) |
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Definition
1) Statement of problem
2)Review the lit
3)Develop hypothesis
4) Choose research design
5) Collect data
6) Data analysis
7) Development of conclusions
8) Posing new research questions |
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Term
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Definition
-Numbers and statistics
-ex. -secondary analysis(existing research)
-survey
-experimental research |
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Emotions and meanings
-ex. -interview
-observation |
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| Ethical Issues in Research |
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Definition
-maintain objectivity, integrity, confidentiality, and social responsibility in research
-respect & protect privacy, dignity and safety of research subjects
-don't abuse research role
-disclose support ($/help) |
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Term
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Definition
2 or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption and share a residence
(from book)-or who are part of a relationship with commitment, mutual aid and support, and often a shared residence |
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| a 1) legally recognized 2) economic and sexual relationship and includes 3) mutual rights and obligations and is 4) assumed to be permanent |
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Definition
| parents and their children that live apart from other family |
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| 2 or more closely related families live together and are emotionally and economically bound |
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| requires people to find partners outside their own group or social category |
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Definition
| Requires people to find mates within a specific group or social category |
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| marriage of one man and one women (one spouse at a time for a long period of time) |
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| one spouse at a time but have several spouses over a lifetime |
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Definition
multiple spouses at one time
-polygyny
-polyandry |
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| Wife with multiple husbands |
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| husband with multiple wives |
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| Functionalist perspective of family |
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Definition
-functions-sense of stability-ascribed statuses
-socialization-support |
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| Conflict perspective of family |
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Definition
| -men benefit and women and children disadvantaged |
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| Symbolic Interactionist perspective of family |
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Definition
-communication w/i family
-day to day lives |
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