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Deviance that breaks the laws of society and is punished by formal sanctions |
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any behavior or physical appearance that is socially challenged and/or condemned because it departs from the norms and expectations of society |
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The systematic process by which individuals, groups, and places are dicided into categories that are ranked on a scale of social worth |
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| behavior and appearances that follow and maintain the standards of a group. also, the acceptance of the cultural goals and hte pursuit of these goals through legitimate means. |
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| movement from one class to another |
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| subgroups within a society that can be distinguished from members of the dominant groups by visible and identifying characteristics, including physical and cultural attributes. these subgroups are systematically excluded-whether consiously or unconsciously-from full participation in society and denied equal access to positions of power, privilege, and wealth. |
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| any significant alteration, modification, or transformation in the organization and operation of social life |
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Industrial nations (except Russia) control 65% of the world's economy |
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a situation in which a substantial number of people organize to change, to resist change, or to undo change in some area of society. |
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technological determinism |
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someone who believes that human beings have no free will and are controlled entirely by their material innovations |
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China during and after the "cultural revolution" |
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before: didn't allow private business, focus was on community rather than the individual..................... after: allowed for private business, focus was more on individual |
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(1) Rules are socially constructed (2) these rules are not enforced uniformly or consistently Conformists: people who have not violated the rules of a group and are treated accordingly Pure Deviants: People who have broken the rules and are caught, punished, and labeled as outsiders Master status of deviant: An identification marking a rule breaker first and foremeost as a deviant such that other identifications pale in comparison to this master status Secret deviants: people who have broken the rules but whose violation foes unnoticed or, if it is noticed, prompts no one to enforce the law |
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Chinese Pre-K vs. American Pre-K |
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chinese: teach for the group's well being american: try to teach for the good of the individual |
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A theory of socialization that explains how delinquent behavior is learned. it refers to the idea that "when persons become criminal, they do so beacause of contacts with criminal patterns and also because of isolation from anticriminal patterns" |
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Hernston's theory: based on free will -we can choose to conform, not conform -people are deviant bc they choose to do so |
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bonds are weak, there are 4 Hirchi invented it |
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takes into account: (1) culturally valued goals defined as legitimate for all members of society (2) norms tht specify the legitimate means of achieving these goals (3) the actual number of legitimate opportunities availible to people to achieve the culturally valued goals. the stuctural strain is: (1) the valued goals have unclear limits (people don't know if they have achieved them) (2) people ar eunsure whether the legitimate means that society provides will allow them to achieve the valued goals (3) legitimate opportunities for meeting the goals remain closed to a significant portion of the population. -the rate of devience is likely to be high under any of these situations...shows a relationship between structural strain and deviance |
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crime against individual life and property: drugs, robbery, assault, homicide, rape white collar crime: crimes committed by persons of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupations corporate crime: crime committed by a corporation as it competes with other companies for market share and profits. |
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