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final exam
exam
39
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
07/29/2008

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
. Which of the following psychologists would have most likely to assert that, “Free will is an illusion.”
Definition
B.F. Skinner
Term
. A group of researchers wants to determine if people are more likely to follow directions if the person giving the directions is in a uniform. Half of the participants are directed to a parking spot by a uniformed security guard, the other half are directed to a spot by an individual wearing blue jeans and a tee shirt. In this study, the dependent variable would be?
Definition
the number of participants who park in the spot they are directed to.
Term
Dr. Smythe believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as taste, it is necessary to understand the purpose that taste plays in survival, not the elementary components that combine to produce taste sensations. Dr. Smythe’s views are most consistent with the
Definition
functionalists approach to psychology. 
Term
Some researcher’s have suggested that people currently tend to sleep during periods of darkness because sleeping under these conditions was an adaptive behavior that helped to increase survival among early humans.This is the type of argument that would most likely be made by psychologist who take the .
Definition
evolutionary perspective in psychology.
Term

The ability to infer a cause and effect relationship is associated only with the

Definition
 experimental research method.
Term

Dr. Kincaid was interested in the topic of autistic savants (individuals with limited abilities in many areas, but with an exceptional talent in one specific area). In the initial part of the investigation, Dr. Kincaid observed and kept detailed files on three individuals who were autistic savants. Dr. Kincaid is conducting a

Definition
 case study research.
Term
. Suppose a researcher found a strong negative correlation between the length of a person’s hair and the amount of money a person paid for their automobile. In general, people who paid the least amount of money for their automobile also had
Definition
the longest hair.
Term
Which of the following does not belong with the others
Definition
thalamus.
Term

The largest and most complex part of the human brain is the?

Definition
cerebrum.
Term
An electrical potential that increases the likelihood that a post-synaptic neuron will fire is called an
Definition
excitatory post-synaptic potential.
Term
Kim has an excellent sense of direction and can interpret maps very well. Kim is probably
Definition
 right-brained
Term

Which of the following structures is not part of the hind brain? 

Definition
 Thalamus
Term
When curare blocks the action of ACh by occupying its receptor sites, it is acting as an
Definition
antagonist
Term
Which part of the neuron receives and which part transmits?
Definition
Dendrites receive information from other neurons; axons transmit information to other neurons.
Term

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system comprise the

Definition
 peripheral nervous system.
Term
The brain structure that is responsible for the human ability to engage in higher mental activity such as thinking and philosophizing is the
Definition
 cerebrum.
Term
Elizabeth just caught sight of a red hummingbird. The neural impulses from her eye will eventually travel to her occipital lobe, but first they pass thru the
Definition
 thalamus.
Term

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during synaptic transmission?

Definition
  Synthesis, Release, Binding, Inactivation, Reuptake – (SRBIR)
Term

. The neurons in Matthew’s arm just sent a neural impulse. It will be one to two milliseconds before another neural impulse can be generated. This brief time period, when another neural impulse cannot occur is called the

Definition
 Absolute Refractory Period (AFP).
Term

According to the interference theory

Definition
 people forget information because of competition from other material.
Term
A 1-800-number for a product Donald was interested in flashed on the television screen. Unfortunately the number disappeared before Donald was able to write down the last 5 digits. However, he found he had a momentary mental image of the phone number, and was able to complete it. Donald’s experience best illustrates
Definition
 sensory memory
Term

Image you complete a computer programming course, but never have a chance to use the programming language once the course is over. Based to Ebbinghaus’ research, over the years would expect

Definition
 most of what you learned will be forgotten early, and there will continue to be a slow decline in what you are able to recall from the course.
Term

. Hope had brain surgery to remove a small tumor from her temporal lobe. While recovering from the surgery Hope appeared to be fine, as she was able to talk about events from both her childhood and just before the surgery. However, she really cannot remember anything that has happened since the surgery. Her memory difficulties are consistent with

Definition
anterograde amnesia.  
Term
You are absorbed in reading your psychology text when the phone rings. After talking on the phone, you can’t remember the last thing you read. This information was lost from ? because the phone conversion distracted you from ?the information.
Definition

short-term memory  / rehearsing

Term

Martin can’t remember who invented flush toilets because he was flirting with a classmate when his history professor described this monumental event. His forgetting is due to

Definition
 encoding failure.
Term
The gradual conversion of information into durable long term memory is called
Definition
 consolidation
Term
. Greg is being introduced to the members of the fraternity he has just joined. There are 15 members and once the introductions are over, he finds that he can only remember the names of the first 3 people and the last 2 people he was introduced to. He cannot remember the names of any of the other members. The memory difficulty Greg is experiencing is consistent with
Definition
 serial-position effect
Term
Even though Eve was able to say all of her lines for the upcoming play without any errors at last nights rehearsal, her director insisted that she run through her lines at least 5 additional times before opening night. In this case, the director is recommending that Eve strengthen her memory of the lines using
Definition
 overlearning.
Term
Your female friend recently got married and changed her last name to that of her husband. You are having difficulty remembering her new last name because of \ 
Definition
 pro-active interference.  
Term

Raul’s parents make certain they thank Raul every time he clears the dishes from the table without being asked. Sadie’s parents try to remember to thank Sadie every time she clears the table without being asked, but about half the time they forget. Based on principles of operant conditioning, you should predict that

Definition
 Sadie’s table clearing will be more resistant to extinction than Raul’s.
Term

. Carly used to be afraid of visits to her family doctor because she associated the sight of his waiting room with the pain of having a blood sample drawn. However, Carly’s new doctor is ‘painless’, and the sight of the waiting room is no longer associated with pain. Consequently, Carly finds that her fear of visits to her family doctor has disappeared. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

Definition
 extinction.
Term

Miguel used to enjoy occasionally drinking a glass of red wine, but when he drank too much red wine at a friend’s party a few months ago he woke up with a terrible hangover. Since then Miguel refused to drink any red wine. In this case, Miguel’s hangover acted as

Definition
 punishment for drinking red wine.
Term

Mariah developed a fear of water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as

 
Definition
spontaneous recovery.  
Term

When Luis was a child, he really liked the smell of the rose-scented perfume his mother always used to wear. He began to associate that scent with snuggles and hugs from his mom. As an adult, Luis likes any floral scent, including the scents of lilacs and wildflowers. This example creates the classical conditioning process of

 
Definition
generalization. 
Term
a test accurately measures what it was determined to measure, the test is
Definition
 valid.
Term

Negative reinforcement is

Definition
 the removal of an unpleasant condition that increases the frequency of the behavior.
Term

Frederick cringes every time he hears a dentist’s drill, even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist’s office. In this example, the pain of dental drilling is  

 

Definition
 an unconditioned stimulus.  
Term
Henry got a bad sunburn on his face when he was skiing last winter. Now, before he starts a day of skiing, he puts sunscreen on his face to prevent another sunburn. In this case, avoiding a sunburn functions as  
Definition
 a negative reinforcer for using a sunscreen.  
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