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Final Exam 2 Vocabulary
Vocabulary Review Ch. 6-11
77
History
10th Grade
05/13/2013

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Term
administration
Definition
the officials in the executive branch of government
Term
precedent
Definition
act or statement that becomes a tradition
Term
Democratic Republican
Definition
political party led by Thomas Jeffereson
Term
French Revolution
Definition
republican uprising in France
Term
Alien and Sedition Acts
Definition
allowed the arrest and deportation of immigrants who criticized the federal government
Term
bureaucracy
Definition
important leader of the Native American resistance
Term
judicial review
Definition
the power to review decisions made by Congress and the President
Term
impressment
Definition
taking salors from their ships and forcing them into foreign service
Term
War Hawks
Definition
angry young politicians who wanted to start a new war with Britain
Term
Cabinet
Definition
a group of federal leaders heading themajor departments of the executive branch
Term
tariff
Definition
tax on imported goods
Term
strict construction
Definition
philosophy of limiting the federal government to powers explicitly granted by the Constitution
Term
political party
Definition
a group of people who seek to win elections and hold public office
Term
XYZ Affair
Definition
roused public sentiment against France
Term
Virginia & Kentucky resolutions
Definition
declared the Sedition Act unconstitutional
Term
embargo
Definition
a stoppage of goods
Term
Monroe Doctrine
Definition
policy that told European nations not to interfere with countries in the WEstern Hemisphere
Term
capital
Definition
money needed to build factories
Term
labor unions
Definition
groups of workers who come together to work toward common goals
Term
nationalism
Definition
glorification of the nation
Term
Whigs
Definition
members of a new political party who wanted to form a strong national government
Term
turnpike
Definition
a road on which the user had to pay a toll
Term
interchangeable parts
Definition
identical components that can be used in place of one another
Term
nativists
Definition
people against immigration
Term
cotton gin
Definition
a machine that made it easy to separate seeds from fibers
Term
causus
Definition
a closed meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate
Term
spoils system
Definition
rewarding party loyalty with political jobs
Term
nullification
Definition
voiding federal laws
Term
women's movement
Definition
group focused on gaining rights for women
Term
gag rule
Definition
agreement not to allow speaking on a subject
Term
transcendentalists
Definition
philosophers who wanted people to learn through nature
Term
utopian communities
Definition
groups that tried to be perfect
Term
abolition movement
Definition
group that worked against slavery
Term
revivalist
Definition
preachers who wanted to reenergize religion
Term
evangelical
Definition
a style of worship that emphasized strong emotions
Term
public school movement
Definition
effort to establish tax-supported education
Term
penitentiary movement
Definition
the idea that prisons should make criminals feel sorrow for their crimes, not just punish them
Term
temperance movement
Definition
effort to end alcohol abuse
Term
freedman
Definition
a term for a former slave
Term
matrilineal
Definition
culture in which inheritance follows the femaile line
Term
suffrage
Definition
the right to vote
Term
forty-niners
Definition
80,000 people who traveled to the West in search of riches
Term
Manifest Destiny
Definition
belief that God planned for the US to won most of North Amreica
Term
Oregon Trail
Definition
early route to the Pacific Northwest
Term
expansionist
Definition
people who favored territorial growth of the US
Term
autonomy
Definition
independent control over one's affairs
Term
placer mining
Definition
using pans and shovels to harvest gold flecks from sand
Term
Gadsden Purchase
Definition
transferred ownership of land in southern Arizona from Mexico to US
Term
FugitiveSlave Act
Definition
law governing runaway slaves
Term
republican party
Definition
party formed in 1854 that opposed slavery
Term
Confederate States of America
Definition
group of seven southern staes that seceded from the Union
Term
Fort Sumter
Definition
place where Confederate troops opened fire on Union troops
Term
secede
Definition
to break away
Term
Wilmot Proviso
Definition
proposed law that prohibited slavery inany lands won fromMexico
Term
Compromise of 1850
Definition
legislation based on Henry Clay's proposal for concessions by both the North and the South
Term
personal liberties laws
Definition
the state statutes that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act
Term
underground railroad
Definition
an informal network of abolitionist that helped fugitive slaves
Term
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Definition
nullified the Missouri Compromise by allowing slavery to spread in areas that had been free
Term
Bleeding Kansas
Definition
the characterization of violent outbreaks in 1856 that ocurred in and around Lawrence, Kansas
Term
Harpers Ferry
Definition
the site where John Brown attempted to seize the federal arsenal
Term
Crittenden Compromise
Definition
proposed constitutional amendment that allowed slavery in Western territories south of the Missouri Compromise
Term
blockade
Definition
preventing vessels from entering or leaving a port
Term
border state
Definition
states that allowed slavery, but did not join the confederacy
Term
Shiloh
Definition
a battle in the south where nearly 25000 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded
Term
income tax
Definition
a tax that was used to help pay for military supplies
Term
bond
Definition
biggest source of wartime funds
Term
Homestead Act
Definition
made western land available at very low cost to those who would farm it
Term
conscription
Definition
a draft that was instituted to meet the unending demand for fresh troops
Term
habeas corpus
Definition
constitutional right that protects a person from being held in jail without being charged with a specific crim
Term
inflation
Definition
an increase in prices
Term
contraband
Definition
captured war supplies
Term
Emancipation Proclamation
Definition
a military decree that feed all enslaved people in states still in rebellion
Term
Militia Act
Definition
mandated that black soldiers be accepted into the military
Term
siege
Definition
a military tactic in which an army surrounds, bombards, and cuts off all supplies to an enemy position in order to force its surrender
Term
total war
Definition
a strategy which involves striking civilian as well as military targets
Term
13th amendment
Definition
an act that outlawed slavery
Term
Land Grant College Act
Definition
gave money from the sale of public lands to states for the establishment of universitties that taught agriculture and mechanical arts
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