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Final Exam
CWC 1
270
History
Undergraduate 2
12/06/2011

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Rome Founded
Definition
753 BC
Term
Historiography
Definition
the study of how history was recorded
Term
Prehistory
Definition
history that has not been recorded
Term
The Stone Age
Definition
Paleolithic age
Mesolithe age
neolithic age
Term
Prehistory
Definition
the stone age
the bronze age
the Iron age
Term
The father of history
Definition
Heroditus
Term
cuneiform
Definition
Ancient from of writing
Term
Ur
Definition
Had a famous ziggurat
Where Abram was from
Term
Arcadian empire
Definition
the first empire
Term
sargon of Akhad
Definition
c. 2300 bc
Term
Hammurabi
Definition
c. 1792-1750 bc
First ruler (not king) of babylon
Term
Hammurabi code
Definition
His harsh laws
Term
Civilizations mentioned in the old testament
Definition
Babylon, Assyria, Egypt
Term
Why Egyptian culture was saved
Definition
because of the burial rituals
Term
Unification of upper and lower provides reliable records
Definition
Narmer 3200
Term
Needs for writing
Definition
Agriculture > Cities > Empire > History
Term
Minoan Civilization
Definition
Earliest Greeks in the 27th century
Term
Crete
Definition
Land of the minoans
Term
Sir Arthur Evans
Definition
leading discovery Knossos on Crete
Term
Minos
Definition
Ruled Knossos
Son of Zeus
Term
Other popular "first kings" who had similar names to Minos
Definition
Menes- Egypt
Mannus- Germany
Manu- India
Term
Heirogliphics
Definition
Link between the Minoans and European civilization
Term
Linear A
Definition
Heiroghlipic script c. 2700-1600
Term
Linear B
Definition
Heirogliphic script and Greek language. Cracked in 1953
Term
Mycenaean Civilization
Definition
1600-1100 BC
Term
Location of Mycenaeans
Definition
20 miles SW of Corinth
Term
Troy
Definition
Discovered by Schleman
Term
Truculant
Definition
War like
Term
Uluburn Shipwreck
Definition
Discovered in the 70's and showed that trade was extensive for the mycenaeans.
Term
Greek/Ancient Dark Ages
Definition
1100- 800 BC.
Mycenaean civilization disappears, Linear B disappears, Hitties lose stability
Term
Theory on the Ancient Dark Ages
Definition
The sea people (Philistines)
Term
Neoassyrian Empire
Definition
After the dark ages
Term
Neo Babylonian Empire
Definition
1000 years before Nebuchadnezzar
Term
Archaic Greece
Definition
850-550 BC
Term
Homer
Definition
c. 850 BC. Wrote the Illiad and the Odessy about the Trojan war during the dark ages.
Term
Polis
Definition
A city and state
Term
Alexander the Great/the Hellenistic age
Definition
356-323 BC
Unified the city states
Term
Greek Religion
Definition
12 Principle gods. many stolen by Rome
Term
Seikilos Epitaph
Definition
the oldest piece of complete music
200 BC -100 AD
Term
Contributions to Christianity
Definition
Roman roads and Greek language
Term
The Diaspera
Definition
Responsible for the spread of Christiantiy
Term
Etruscan Civilization
Definition
Around 800 BC
Term
Roman Monarchy
Definition
753-509 BC
Term
Romulus and Remus
Definition
twins raised by a wolf. founded Rome in 753.
Term
Roman Republic
Definition
509-27 BC
Term
Roman Empire
Definition
27 BC by Julius Caeser
Term
Suetorius
Definition
Wrote on the emperors
Term
Pleutarch
Definition
Greek who became Roman.
Wrote "Lives of Plutarch"
Term
Cassius Dio
Definition
2nd century.
Wrote a History of Rome
Term
Cassius Dio
Definition
2nd century.
Wrote a History of Rome
Term
Cassius Dio
Definition
2nd century.
Wrote a History of Rome
Term
Edict of Milan
Definition
313 AD. By Constantine.
Made Christianity licit.
Term
380 AD
Definition
christianity becomes the official religion of Rome by Theodosis
Term
why did Christianity become the official religion?
Definition
Christian Charity and Paul's fourth journey to spain.
Term
The Apostolic Fathers
Definition
3rd and 4th generation
Term
Clement of Rome
Definition
d. 100 AD. 3rd Bishop of Rome
Term
Bishops/Popes according to Catholic tradition
Definition
Peter, Linus, clement
Term
Clement's Writing
Definition
FIRST noncanonolical document recorded.
written to Corinth about leadership.
Term
Ignatius of Antioch
Definition
d. 107 AD. Eaten by wild beasts. Wrote 7 letters to Asia Minor
Term
Adolf Von Harnach and his 3 things that orthodoxy was composed of.
Definition
Canon NT, Bishopic, Creeds
Term
Monoepiscopacy
Definition
One bishop
Term
Against Heresies
Definition
Written by Irenaus
Term
Manachism
Definition
Spiritual=good; Physical=bad.
Term
Gnosticism
Definition
Search for wisdom, based on Mythologies.
Term
Nag Hammadi
Definition
discover in 1945 in Egypt.
Term
Rule of Faith
Definition
180 ad by Irenaeus.
Term
the four Ecumenical Councils
Definition
Nicea (325), Constantinople 1 (381), Ephesus (431), chalcedon (451).
First two on on Trinitarian theology, second two on christology.
Term
How Arius Alexandria was outlawed.
Definition
theodosis made Christianity the official religion in 380 AD.
Term
Ebionism
Definition
The belief that Jesus was not God. The Spirit rested on Him. seen in Jewish Orthodoxy.
Term
Docetism
Definition
The belief that Jesus was not a man, but God in human form.
Term
Unitarionism
Definition
One God; three parts
Term
Tritheism
Definition
three gods
Term
Adoptionist/ dynamic Monarchianism
Definition
Jesus was a man on whom the Godhead dwelt
Term
Ditheist
Definition
One who believes in two gods.
Term
modalism
Definition
the belief that appears in three forms. Most Christians believed this in the 2nd century.
Term
Sabalianism
Definition
God could unfold himself in creation
Term
Economic Trinity
Definition
The way god has reveled himself
Term
Ontological Trinity
Definition
Who God is within himself, apart from creation.
Term
The economic trinity points to
Definition
the ontological trinity
Term
Saint Augustine of Hippo
Definition
wrote 5,000,000 words vs. Paul who wrote 34,500.
The Father of the Spiritual Biography (confessions)
Term
Augustine's titles
Definition
The father of Spiritual Biography (confessions)
The first modern man
the father of modern psychology
Term
Augustine's books
Definition
Confessions
The City of God
On the incarnation
Term
Augustine's dates
Definition
November 13, 354 – August 28, 430
Term
Where and by whom Augustine was converted
Definition
Milan, by Ambrose
Term
Augustine's first sermon
Definition
March 15, 391 AD
Term
Augustine's controversies
Definition
Manichean, Donatist, Pelagian
Term
John Chrysostom
Definition
Greek Preacher
347-407
Term
Chrysostom's Mother
Definition
Enthusa; didn't remarry, was praised by pagan scholar Libaius
Term
Writings
Definition
Homolies on the state
Term
Chrysostom as bishop in Constantinople
Definition
398-404. Was charged as an Originist at the Synod of the Oak for hosting Egyptian monks.
Term
2 forms of Patristic Exegesis
Definition
Alexandrian (institutional form) and Antiochian
Term
Alexandrian School
Definition
Allegorical thought.
Platonic Academy of Athens.
387-529 AD
Term
Pantaenus
Definition
(alex) we have nothing of his writings
Term
Clement of Alexandria
Definition
(alex) Born in Athens. Philosophically trained.
Term
Clement of Alexandria's trilogy
Definition
Protepticus, Paedegogeos, Stromata
Term
Origin
Definition
(alex)185-254
Term
Origin's allegorical principles from "on first principles"
Definition
literal meaning, spiritual meaning, moral meaning
Term
Didymus the Blind
Definition
(alex) 313-398
Condemned with Origin
Term
the Antiochene School
Definition
Diodorus of Tarsus, Theodore of Mopsuestia, John Chyrsostom, Jerome
Term
Theoldore of Mopsuestia
Definition
Best example of someone who corrected Origin's work.
Term
Tertullin
Definition
The first Christian author to write in Latin
Term
Hippolytius
Definition
The last Christian writer to write in Greek
Term
Tertullian dates
Definition
197- wrote Apology
213- converts to montenism
220- death
Term
Edward Gibbon
Definition
Wrote "The Fall and Decline of the Roman Empire" in 1776
Term
1453 AD
Definition
Constantinople/The Eastern Empire fell to the Turks
Term
Julian Dynasty
Definition
Julius Caesar to Nero
Term
Flavian Dynasty
Definition
Vespatian to Domitian(John to Patmos, second Nero)
Term
The five good emperors
Definition
1. Nirva 96-98
2. Trajen 98-117
3. Hadrian 117-138
4. Antonius Pius 138-161
5. Marcus Aurelius 161-180
Term
The crisis of the Third Century
Definition
235-284.
East splitting from West
Term
Alexander Severus
Definition
Hunnic people pushed the Germans down to the Roman Empire. Alexander pays the barbarians to stop the fighting. He is killed by his own troops in 235 AD
Term
Cyprians Plague
Definition
Possible smallpox. Named for Cyprian, who wrote about it. 251 AD.
Term
Empire Splits into three
Definition
260 AD
Gaelic, Roman and Palmyrene
Term
Diocletian
Definition
brought Rome out of the Crisis in 284.
Persecuted Christians.
Divides the empire into East and West by means of the Tetrarchy.
Term
Diocletian
Definition
brought Rome out of the Crisis in 284.
Persecuted Christians.
Divides the empire into East and West by means of the Tetrarchy.
Term
Tetrarchy
Definition
Rule of Four.
Caesars- Constantius and galerius
Augustines- Maximian and diocletian (more powerful)
Term
Edict of Milan
Definition
313 AD. Constantine becomes sole emperor.
Christianity becomes licit.
Term
330 AD
Definition
Capitol moved to Constantinople
Term
410 AD
Definition
Aleric (Visigoth) sacks Rome
Term
Difference between Visigoths and Ostrogoths
Definition
Visigoths- West
Ostrigoths- East
Term
452 AD
Definition
Atilla the Hun. Pope Leo talks him out of sacking.
Term
455 AD
Definition
The Vandals sack
Term
476 AD
Definition
German (visigothic) king, Odoacer, assumes the western thrown. Fall of the western Empire
Term
Theories of why Rome fell
Definition
Christianity, Barbarians, Economic depression, Corruption, Led poisoning, Imperialism
Term
Sumer
Definition
Where writing began with cuneiform
Term
Akkadia
Definition
1st empire. 2300 BC
Sargon of Akkad
Term
Narmer
Definition
Unified upper and lower egypt in 3200 bc
Term
Greek Philosophy
Definition
Socrates->
Plato->
Aristotle->
Alexander the Great
Term
Democracy
Definition
Rule by the people
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
Rule by the selected few
Term
Theocracy
Definition
Rule of God/the gods
Term
Anarchy
Definition
No rule
Term
Aristocracy
Definition
Rule by the elite
Term
Hellenization
Definition
Spread of Greek culture
Term
Etruscan Civilation
Definition
First in Italy, Pre-Roman
Term
Roman Monarchy
Definition
753 BC-509 BC
Term
Roman Republic 509-27 BC
Definition
Term
Historians
Definition
Livy, Tacitus, Suetonius, Plutarch, Cassius Dio
Term
Pax Romana
Definition
Years of Roman Peace.
Term
Tacitus
Definition
wrote about the Nerorian persecution. 64 AD, fire in Rome and Nero blames the Christians
Term
Pliny the younger
Definition
wrote a letter to Emperor Trajan 112 AD about the large number of Christians
Term
Hendry Chadwick
Definition
Christian Charity was the biggest cause of growth
Term
Adolph Van Harnack and Orthodoxy
Definition
Bishopric, Canon of NT, Creeds
Term
Walter Bauer 1934
Definition
Says that Gnostism was the original form of christianity; not orthodoxy
Term
4 Ecumenical Councils
Definition
Nicea, Constatntinople 1, Ephesus, Chalcedon
Term
Nicea
Definition
325 AD. Arianism not resolved
Term
Constantinople 1
Definition
381 AD. Arianism outlawed. Trinitarianism estaclished
Term
Ephesus
Definition
431 AD. Nestorius outlawed. Orthodoxy debated.
Term
Chalcedon
Definition
451 AD. Hypostatic union debated
Term
Other councils
Definition
Constantinople II and III, Nicea II
Term
Arianism
Definition
Christ was a created being
Term
Arius' theory
Definition
1. God is underived 2. the son is derived. 3. the son is not God.
Term
Athanasius's theory
Definition
1. only God saves. 2. the Son saves. 3. Jesus is God
Term
Anotony of Alexandria
Definition
the father of Monasticism. Started anchoritic Monasticism.
Term
Anchoritic Monasticim
Definition
Seperated and alone
Term
Cenobitic Monasticism
Definition
Formed monasteries
Term
St Martin of Tours
Definition
Used monasticism as a tool for evangelism
Term
4th Century important bible people
Definition
Augustine= theologian
Jerome= scholar
Chrysostom= preacher
Term
Alexandrian School
Definition
Allegorical
Term
Antiochene school
Definition
literal
Term
When Rome fell and the two theories
Definition
410- when alaric sacked Rome
476- when Odoacer ruled
Term
When the eastern empire fell
Definition
1453, to the Turks.
Term
Tetrarchy
Definition
Instituted in 293 AD
Term
West part of the Tetrarchy
Definition
Masimian was the Augustus
Constantius was the Caesar
Term
Eastern Tetrarchy
Definition
Diocletian was Augustus, Galerius was Caesar
Term
330 AD
Definition
Capital is moved from Rome to Constantinope by Constatntine
Term
Ulfias
Definition
Apostle to the Goths. Wrote the gothic language and Bible
Term
St. Patrick
Definition
389-461. apostle to the Irish. from Englan.
Term
Columba
Definition
Apostle to the Scottish 521-597
Term
Greg the Great
Definition
540-604 Bishopric of Rome to the Papacy.
Term
Augustine of Canterbury
Definition
Apostle to the angles.
Term
Theodore of Tarsus
Definition
602-690. the first archbishop of Canterbury that the church of england decided to obey.
Term
Wilfrid
Definition
633-709. Easter, tonsure (moke haircut), pro voice at the synod of whitby
Term
Synod of Whitby
Definition
synchronization of English and roman churches
Term
Willlibord
Definition
Apostle to the Frisians 655-739. Netherlands
Term
Winfrid
Definition
AKA Boniface. Apostle to the Germans. 672-754
Term
St. anskar
Definition
Apostle to the North. Denmark and Northern Germany. 801-865
Term
Deification defined according to Eastern Orthodoxy
Definition
One's Spiritual Journey
Term
Hagia Sophia
Definition
"holy wisdom", became a mosque in 1931. Now a musium.
Term
395 AD
Definition
Death of theodosius
Term
the Monophysite controversy
Definition
One nature. Ephesus and Chalcedon dealt with this but the East and west seperated on this issue.
Term
Nestorianism
Definition
Divided nature of christ, includes Mary
Term
Eutychianism
Definition
Condemned at Chalcedon
Term
Iconoclastic
Definition
"image breaking" Images were thrown out for a while
Term
Nicaea II
Definition
Restored the veneration of relics
Term
The highpoint of the early eastern empire
Definition
Justinian dynasty
Term
Justinian 1
Definition
Christian King
Term
the fall of Constantinople
Definition
capture of the byzantine empire by the ottolmans in 1453
Term
Ka'ba
Definition
the black rock in a temple
Term
Muhammed
Definition
born 570 AD. worked as a caravanist. married wealthy widow, khadija.
Term
Fatra
Definition
Muhammad's vision. 6 months to a year.
Term
Tawhid
Definition
the "unity of God"
Term
Hijra
Definition
the islam calendar
Term
615
Definition
when muhammad and his followers went to ethiopia
Term
Jihaad
Definition
Holy War
Term
Aisha
Definition
Muhammad's 3rd wife. most celebrated.
Term
Four rightly guided caliphs
Definition
ali ibn abu talib/ abu bakr, umar, uthman, ali
Term
Ashura
Definition
day of rememberance fo the shi'ite muslims
Term
Muslims conquir Jerusalem
Definition
636
Term
5 pillars of Islam
Definition
1. Shahad "there is no god but allah and Muhammad his prophet"
2. prayer 5 times a day
3. almsgiving
4. fasting during ramadan
5. pilgrimage to Mecca
Term
Early middle ages
Definition
500-1000. Roman collapses while the byzantine rises
Term
High middle ages
Definition
1000-1300. church becomes powerful. crusades.
Term
Late Middle ages
Definition
1300-1500. Reformation. black death. war between england and france.
Term
Merovingian dynasty
Definition
france. "long-haired/do nothing" kings. Merovech, Childeric, clovis. 415-511
Term
Carolingian Dynasty
Definition
Pepin I, Pepin II, Charles Martel, Pepin III, Charlemagne
Term
Charles Martel
Definition
"the hammer." 688-741. Political king. He stoped the Muslim expansion at the Battle of Tours in 732
Term
Battle of Tours
Definition
732. Stopped Muslim expansion from Spain into southern France.
Term
Feudalism
Definition
Lord= landowner
Vassal= worker
fief= land
knights= protected the land
Term
charlemagne
Definition
768-814. Father of Europe. King of the Franks. 1st Holy Roman Emperor, Consolidated Merovingian and Carolingian empires, corronated by the pope on Christmas day 800.
Term
1st Holy Roman Emperor
Definition
Otto in 962 because that's when unity started.
Term
Holy Roman Empire
Definition
962-1806
Term
Treaty of Verdun
Definition
843. splits charlemagne's empire into France, Italy, and Germany.
Term
The Carolingian Renaissance
Definition
Under charlemagne. Alcuin of York
Term
Alcuin of York
Definition
735-804. founder of Europe's Modern Education.
Term
The General Admonition
Definition
789. Charlemagne's call that there be a school in every monastery.
Term
Event's leading to the crusades
Definition
Muslims become less tolerant of Christians, The battle of Manzikert in 1071, emp michael writes to the pope
Term
the battle of Manzikert
Definition
1071. at Constantinople between Greece and Turkey. Muslims right at the door.
Term
Letter of Michael VII
Definition
Written to Pope Greg VII in 1073. Purposefully ambiguous.
Term
Letter of Michael VII
Definition
Written to Pope Greg VII in 1073. Purposefully ambiguous.
Term
the investiture controversy
Definition
why the start of the crusades were delayed for two decades.
Term
1075-1122. Who has the power to appoint bishops.
Definition
the Investiture Controversy
Term
The first Crusade
Definition
1095.
Term
Urban II
Definition
Gives a sermon called "the calling of the 1st crusade" on November 27th 1095
Term
the people's crusade
Definition
1096 by Peter the Hermit. ravaged Jews.
Term
Prince's crusade
Definition
1097. took Nicea back in 1097, Antioch in 1098, and Jerusalem in 1099
Term
4 Crusader States
Definition
County of Edessa 1098 to 1144
Principality of Antioch 1098-1268.
County of Tripoli 1109-1288.
Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099-1187.
Term
the Second Crusade
Definition
1147-1149. in 1144 Pope Egenius III calls for the expansion of the Crusader states.
Term
Failure at Damascus
Definition
1148, Muslims realize that the Christians aren't invincible.
Term
the Third Crusade
Definition
1189-1192. richard the Lionhearted involved. Attempted and failed recapture of Jerusalem. Battle of Hattin in 1187, where Jerusalem and Eddessa were lost
Term
the fourth Crusade
Definition
1202-1204. Egypt. Sack Constantinople in 1204 and bring treasure back to Venice.
Term
Children's crusade
Definition
1212. possibly legendary.
Term
Last five crusades
Definition
more political and just "so miserable"
Term
5th crusade
Definition
1213-1221. Pope Innocent III.
Term
6th crusade
Definition
1228-1229. Jerusalem. Frederick II.
Term
7th Crusade
Definition
1248-1254. Louis IX of France.
Term
8th Crusade
Definition
1270. Louis IX again.
Term
9th Crusade
Definition
1271-1272. Edward from England
Term
the Rule of st. Augustine
Definition
Not a formal set of rules, but writing composed after his death. written to sister in a monestary
Term
the Benedictines
Definition
Benedic of Nursia- patron saint of Students. Formalized and scheduled. Pursue Christianity.
Term
The Abbey of Cluny
Definition
909-1250s. formed by Duke william of Aquitaine as a benedictine monastery.
Term
The cistercians
Definition
Robert left the Cluniacs because they werent following the rules. joins the cistercians in france. credited for technological adcances in the high middle ages.
Term
the franciscans
Definition
founded by St. Francis of Assisi (1181-1226). After a monk, he preached.
Term
the dominicans
Definition
by st. Dominic (1170-1221). Augustinian monk. warred against the manicheasists by "outdoing them in holiness."
Term
Medieval theology
Definition
Medieval exegeses=rehashing old theology
Term
John Damascene
Definition
675-749. "an exact exposition to orthodox faith" basically he prooftexted.
Term
The Aristotelian dialectice
Definition
Applied to scripture through the 4 fold method of Exegesis during the 10th century.
Term
4 fold method of exgesis
Definition
Historical sense- literal reading
allegorical sense- spiritual reading
Topological sense- moral interpretation
anagogical sense- mystical/highest sense
Term
Lanfranc of Bec
Definition
1005-1089. teacher of Anselm. Archbishop of Canterbury.
Term
Anselm of Canterbury
Definition
1033-1109. Called the most brillian Christian Theologian between Augustine and Aquinas. Father of Scholasticism
Term
Aristotelian Dialectics
Definition
1. define the question 2. state the principle objections 3. present a persuasive argument in favor of the question 4. redefine the question and end up agreeing 5. andswer/refute all the principle objections
Term
Anselm of Laon
Definition
Founded a school at Laon. Peter Abelard and william champeaux studied there.
Term
Glossa Ordinaria
Definition
a collection of standard glosses of the Bible, a study bible, created at Anselm's school at Laon.
Term
Peter Lombard
Definition
1100-1160. wrote "book of sentences", the theological textbook until the 16th century.
Term
Sections in "book of sentences"
Definition
book 1: God, Trinity, Attributes, providence, predestination, problem of evil
book 2: creation, angels, the fall, grace, sin,
book 3: incarnation, redemption, virtues, 10 commandments
book 4: sacraments, 7 sacraments, death, judgement, heaven/hell
Term
Peter Abelard
Definition
1079-1142. studied at Abelard.
Term
Thomas Aquinas
Definition
Kylie failed this part.
Term
Abbey of Bec founded
Definition
1039, lanfranc studies there
Term
Abbey of st Victor
Definition
Paris. founded by Champeauz in 1108.
Term
John duns Scotus
Definition
1265-1308. a philosopher
Term
William of Ockham
Definition
1288-1348. "Invincible doctor." doc ock... Ockhm's razor
Term
Correspondence theory of Truth
Definition
statements of truch correspond to reality
Term
Extreme realism
Definition
plato. universals have real existence, apart from and prior to individual and their existence
Term
Moderate Realism
Definition
Aquinas Aristotle. Real existence is only present because of the indicidual
Term
Nominalism
Definition
Ockham. only names exist, not forms.
Term
dionysuis the Areopagite
Definition
the psedonym for an author of 500 AD. "on divine nature" "on heavenly hierarchy"....
Term
Truth and the theory of knowledge.
Definition
two competing movement. studying vs. knowing God.
Term
Two schools of mystic theology
Definition
theoria (contemplation), theosis (dicination)
Term
Bernard of Clariveaux
Definition
Founds the school Abbey of St Victor in 1108.
Term
Hugh of St. Victor
Definition
1096-1141. second Augustine. Congnition, Meditation, Contemplation.
Term
Joachim of fiore
Definition
three epochs of history:
1. age of the father- OT
2. age of the son- Christ to 1260
3. age of the spirit
Term
The cloud of unknowing
Definition
anonymous instruction manual made in 1375. brief prayers for purity.
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