Term
| How did president Lincoln and Johnson invision Reconstruction? |
|
Definition
Lincoln envisioned people being readmitted into the Union by their own choice and right (10% plan). Wasn't willing to pardon high ranking Confederates, so not everyone would be able to join the Union again.
Johnson was willing to pardon everyone, no matter ranking. Amnesty in exchange for an oath of allegiance. |
|
|
Term
| How and why did Republicans in Congress take control of Reconstruction? |
|
Definition
Why- they didn't like Johnson
How- Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Freedman's Bureau law, Reconstruction Act of 1867; they moved to ensure black civil rights; the impeachment of Andrew Johnson |
|
|
Term
What did African Americans expect after the Civil War?
What were the realities they faced during Reconstruction? |
|
Definition
expectations- being treated equally to whites, hope that free labor would create a modern, prosperous South
realities- sharecropping began: could farm land in exchange for living expenses and give half of the earnings to the land owners; did not have equal rights, widespread poverty, free labor did not create a modern, prosperous South |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It was a time when the Federal government, Southern politicians, and whites/blacks struggled to rebuild the country socially, economically, politically, and culturally. |
|
|
Term
| How did Reconstruction affect the movement for women's voting rights? |
|
Definition
Women remained loyal to the Republican Party in hope that in time it would be the women's turn opposed to African American's.
Slowed down the process of pushing for women's rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Southerns gave this name to northerns who moved to the South during Reconstruction (named after the suitcases that they carried; cheap cloth suitcases) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pejorative term applied to southern whites that who joined the Republican party during Reconstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Women's Suffrage Association;focused exclusively on women's rights and took up the battle for a federal suffrage amendment (created and led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony; pushing towards women's voting rights) |
|
|
Term
| What is the Whiskey Ring? |
|
Definition
| network of liquor distillers and treasury agents who defrauded the government of millions of dollars of excises taxes on whiskey; ringleader was a Grant appointee and Grant's private secretary, Orville Babcock |
|
|
Term
| How and why did the economic and social values of white Americans clash with those of Native Americans in the West? |
|
Definition
economically- Natives didn't really have an economy other than trading goods for other goods
social- Americans were telling them that they needed to transform into "Americans" and act and live as they do |
|
|
Term
| How did the industrial revolution effect the settlement of the West? |
|
Definition
| put factories in place, mining gold, silver, coal, steel, iron, etc. (changed the way of living from just agriculture to industrial and ag) |
|
|
Term
| How did mining, farming, and ranching shape the development of the West? |
|
Definition
| The West was created on all of those aspects; moved people to the West for those reasons (mining, farming, and ranching); created steady jobs and gave people the chance to own land (Manifest Destiny) |
|
|
Term
What was the Dawes Act?
What were the failures of the Dawes Act? |
|
Definition
Empowered US Gov to break up tribal reserveration lands
-wanted to teach that private land ownership was superior to tribal land, sold surplus land to whites (would give worse land to Indians)
failures- best land sold to whites, land speculation problems, lack of compatibility, and capitalization and instruction to farm didn't exist
|
|
|
Term
| In what ways did the political structure in the South change after 1877? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How were blacks gradually disentracised? |
|
Definition
| literacy test, poll taxes |
|
|
Term
| How and why did radial segregating intensify in the late 19 century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did blacks lose rights in the South? |
|
Definition
1. memory of Civil War receding, North lost interest
2. Supreme Court undermined Civil Rights
3. Congress failed to pass laws and protect
4. Redeemers used race question to curb black-white coorerpation in 1880-1890s |
|
|
Term
| Who were the Progressives? |
|
Definition
| ususally (not always) white, middle-class, professional, often deeply commited Christians, belief in power and responsibility of Federal Government, often women |
|
|
Term
| Why did they (Progressives) feel compelled to enact change? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Progressives accomplish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did their (Progressive) efforts change American society? |
|
Definition
| created the 8 hour work day, created income taxes, regulated state factory laws, first workers' compensation program |
|
|
Term
| What problems did farm families face as the 19th century ended? |
|
Definition
| Financial trouble, cycle of debt, railroad and bank monopolies, taxation, agricultural trusts, deflation, currency problem |
|
|
Term
| How did farmers try to solve their problems economically? |
|
Definition
| Farmers created more crops of the same plant, causing overproduction throughout the country |
|
|
Term
| Where did the concerns of farmers and industrial laborers overlap? |
|
Definition
| Overproduction caused a decrease in cost--the decrease in cost caused the industry to take a hit along with the farmers because supply was too high to create a demand for years after |
|
|
Term
| What prompted the farmers to form the Populist Party and what were their principles? |
|
Definition
They wanted to seek economic solutions.
1. all money was created and controlled by the government
2.coinage of silver is greater than gold by 16:1
3. income taxes
4. postal savings
|
|
|
Term
| What were the main reasons for American Imperialism? |
|
Definition
| to create profit, power and prestige, cultural ideas (social Darwinism, race and Christianity, spread democracy, cathartic) |
|
|
Term
| Where did American want to expand during Imperialism? |
|
Definition
| Cuba, Philippines, Panama, and Hawaii |
|
|
Term
| What deal did American make with Panama so that the Panama Canal could be built? |
|
Definition
| America promised Panama independance as a country and inexchange, America could build the canal (Nov 1903); American pays 25 mil to Columbia to build canal |
|
|
Term
| How and why did WW1 begin? |
|
Definition
| Archduke Franz Fernidand was assissinated (heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire) |
|
|
Term
| Why did President Wilson decide to bring the US into the war in 1917? |
|
Definition
1. Luisitana-was hit by a German torpedo
2. Zimmerman note-intercepted by American officials that was sent to Mexico |
|
|
Term
| Why and in what ways was WW1 consider a "total war"? |
|
Definition
| It was a change in warfare that had never been seen before (U-Boat and trenchware); the US entered the war as a whole instead of against each other as in the past |
|
|
Term
| How did the war affect economic affairs and social relations on the home front? |
|
Definition
economic affairs-broke off trade with Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
social relations-created new alliances with other countries and broke ties with countries now considered foe |
|
|
Term
| How and why did Wilson attempt to shape the Treaty of Versailles? |
|
Definition
The Big Four (David Llyod George- Great Britian, Georges Clemenceau- France, Vittorio Orlando- Italy, Woodrow Wilson- United States) were present at the signing. Russia was not present at the signing, signed a different treaty; Big Four wanted to punish Germany bad.
Result- new countries were formed, divided up the Ottoman Empire and Africa, no freedoms of seas and no free trade, violation of self determination, Germany has to pay huge war debts, no disarmament, no open diplomacy, Wilson wins the League of Nations
why- Wilson wanted to be a dominant power |
|
|
Term
| How and why did business and government become allies in the 1920s? How did this effect the economy? |
|
Definition
how- the stock market had been reregulated, causing the government and business world to work as one
why- It was a period of prosperity; the GNP doubled, corporate profits rose, per capita profits rose, increase in productivity, consumer culture; rise in culture in general (film, music, cars, etc.)
|
|
|
Term
| Why did a mass national culture develop after WW1? |
|
Definition
| It was the first time women got to vote; flappers, Scopes trial caused an outbreak of groups against Biblical reasoning because of all the scientific discovery, KKK started |
|
|
Term
| How and why did cultural conflict breakout in response to the new secular values of the decade? |
|
Definition
The Scopes Trial caused an outbreak; modernist vs. traditionalist
Modernist- urban and cities, believed in change, could improve society, believed in science, individual freedoms, consumer culture, new gender roles
traditionalist- rural, agricultural, change was not necessarily good, believed in absolute truths (Bible), believed in traditional hierarchy |
|
|
Term
| What caused the Great Depression? |
|
Definition
was not the stock market crash (symptom); overproduction/under consumption, over speculation, loss in confidence
- overproduction-rate of purchases such as fridges, ranges, and cars slowed and they did not need to replace those often; real wages can't keep up with productivity
- over speculation- people began to speculate in the stock market, invested savings, businesses lent cash reserves and margin buying
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Triple R-relief to the needy, recovery to business, industry, and agriculture, reform to banking and financial institutions
Had lots of experimentation; was not careful planned |
|
|
Term
| What were the effects of WW2 on the homefront? |
|
Definition
| ended depression, increased size and power of Federal Gov, US commited to lead role in international affairs |
|
|
Term
| What caused the US to join WW2? |
|
Definition
| Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941) |
|
|
Term
| How does the Cold War emerge? |
|
Definition
| 2 superpowers avoided direct military war, but clashed while using a tremendous amount of resources to thwart the others objective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American Federation of Labor |
|
|
Term
| How did Harry Truman respond to the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the background of the Korean War, and how did the US get involved? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the roots of McCarthyism? |
|
Definition
|
|
