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| -A division in the medieval Roman Church, during which rival popes were establish-Popes in Avigon & in Rome |
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| -Members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order-Founded by Ignatius of Loyola |
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| -Members of the Protestant church-Founded by Martin Luther |
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| Members of the Church of England |
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| -Members of a Protestant Church governed by the presbyters (elders)-Founded by John Knox |
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| -Believed in only baptizing adults-Believed in separation of church & state |
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| -Members of the Calvinist Church-Founded by John Calvin-Belive in predestination |
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| -Line that separated the lands that were claimed by Spain and Portugal-West=Spain-East=Portugal |
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| -Agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler-Organized by Charles V |
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| -Europeans' new ship that improved exploration-Combination of 3 other ships |
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| -French founded Quebec -Base of French colonial empire in America-Founded by Samuel de Champlain |
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| Russian emperor (from the Roman term Caesar) |
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| European conflict over religion & territory & for power among the ruling families |
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| -British and French colonies-Balance of Power |
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| War of Austrian Succession |
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| -Between Fredrick II and Maria Theresa-Prussia/France vs. Austria/Britain |
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| -Promised that Protestants could live in peace in France & could set up houses of worship in some French cities (not Paris)-King Henry IV |
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| Conflict in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of England's monarchy |
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| Episode in the history of Britain when the monarchy was restored under Charles II |
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| Bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William of Orange and Mary |
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| Idea that monarchs are God's representatives of Earth and are therefore only answerable only to God |
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| -Earth-centered view of the universe-Thought of by Aristotle |
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| -Sun as center of universe-Thought of by Copernicus |
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| -Change to study of natural world and questioned accepted beliefs-Started in mid 1500s |
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| -Thinkers applied the principles of reason & scientific method was applied to all aspects of society |
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| -Middle class made of bankers, factory workers, merchants, professionals, and skilled artisans-Believed in liberty and equality |
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| When Robespierre governed France as a dictator |
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| -Reformation Parliament-Act of Supremacy-Made seperate church |
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| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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| Founded navigation school |
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| -Saw the South Sea-Panama |
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| Sailed around the tip of Africa |
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| Explored east African coast and southwestern coast of India |
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| -Circumnavigated Earth-Claimed Philippines |
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| European discoverer of Brazil |
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| -Brought unity to the Hapsburg Monarchy |
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| -"Window to the West" capital -Great Northern War |
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| -Austrian Succession-Seven Years War-Holy Roman Emperor |
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| -Edict of Nantes-Cardinal Richelieu |
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| disproves geocentric theory and develops heliocentric theory |
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| used math to prove elliptical orbits |
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| proved science w/ math and encouraged empirical data |
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| perfected the first telescope |
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| Natural rights: Life, Liberty, Property. |
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| Toleration. -Right to opinion. -Wrote Candide |
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| "General Will" -Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. - Wrote Social Contract |
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| I believe in predestination and started a religious community with very strict laws in Geneva |
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| I believed in salvation by faith alone, that scripture was the source of the creed |
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| This agreement stated that the religion of the ruler is the religion of the state |
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| This meeting was called to help reform the Catholic Church, define Church Doctrine, and help the church regain it's power |
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| I issued the Edict of Nantes and tried to restore stability back in France |
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| I established the Society of Jesus |
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| To England he was known as the "Defender of the Faith", soon after he found the Anglican Church |
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| I was an absolute ruler and I made France Bankrupt with building Versailles and military funding |
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| This event killed many of the Huguenots in France |
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| I wanted to make France the strongest country in Europe and to help my king become the most powerful ruler. I realized that to do this i needed to decrease power of huguenots and nobles |
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| This council was summoned by Charles V, condemned Luther's beliefs, and forbade Luther from preaching and declared him a heretic |
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| This document gave the Huguenots the right to practice their religion in their own certain towns |
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| Spanish explorers whose aim was to conquer territory for their country, gaining wealth and fame for themselves |
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| Route that Northern European explorers were searching for during the Age of Exploration |
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| I was an idealistic and iron-willed man who took the title of Lord Protector and rules England as a military dictatorship. |
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| English royal family in the 16c and 17c who said to have "brought England into the modern world" |
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| Any ruler who tried to advance society by fostering education, aiding the economy, and promoting social justice, but in reality was initiating these reforms to create a more efficient and manageable state |
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