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Final Exam Review
Final Exam Review
62
History
8th Grade
06/08/2010

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Cards

Term
Middle Ages
Definition
period between ancient times and modern times
Term
manor
Definition
large estate that included a village and farmlands
Term
apprentice
Definition
a boy who didn't get paid but did learn a craft
Term
Crusades
Definition
military expeditions the Church carried out against the Turks
Term
Parliament
Definition
council that advised the English king in government matters
Term
indulgence
Definition
people paid money to receive this official pardon from the pope
Term
navigator
Definition
expert sailor
Term
heresy
Definition
ideas that are against Catholic teachings
Term
patron
Definition
supporter of the arts
Term
excommunication
Definition
to remove from the Church for violating rules
Term
sacraments
Definition
Catholic Church insisted these rites had to be followed
Term
perspective
Definition
artistic technique introduced by Italy's Renaissance painters
Term
Protestants
Definition
people who went against the Catholic Church during the Renaissance
Term
squire
Definition
2nd stage of knighthood
Term
page
Definition
1st step toward becoming a knight
Term
Mughal Empire
Definition
Indian empire that declined due to costly wars and building projects
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
wrote 95 Theses and started Reformation
Term
Henry VIII
Definition
led Reformation in England
Term
Raphael (Raphaello Sanzio)
Definition
painted "School of Athens"
Term
Machiavelli (Niccolo Machiavelli)
Definition
wrote about politics in The Prince
Term
John Calvin
Definition
reformer inspired by Luther and he was supported by the English Puritans and Dutch reformers
Term
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Definition
his humanistic writings inspired the Reformation
Term
Leonardo Da Vinci
Definition
greatest Renaissance inventor and painter
Term
Cosimo di Medici
Definition
Renaissance patron in Florence, Italy
Term
merit system
Definition
government officials chosen based on ability; improved government during China's Golden Age
Term
movable type
Definition
separate reusable characters for printing
Term
samurai
Definition
Japanese warriors who swore an oath to serve
Term
feudal system
Definition
government in which less powerful people pledge loyalty to more powerful people
Term
caste system
Definition
strict social classes among Hindus; brought stability to India
Term
Akbar
Definition
Muslim ruler of India that allowed Hindus to practice their religion
Term
Ieyasu
Definition
shogun who prevented Japan from being conquered by isolating it
Term
Taizong
Definition
Tang ruler that practiced the teachings of Confucius
Term
Muslims
Definition
religious differences still exist in India between Hindus and ....
Term
Hinduism
Definition
religion that believes in many gods who are all different aspects of one supreme being
Term
isolation
Definition
this led Japan to develop a very unique culture
Term
shogun
Definition
from 1192 to 1868 Japan was led by military ruler called a ...
Term
silk, porcelain, tea
Definition
3 leading Chinese trade products
Term
Tang
Definition
dynasty that unified China into an empire
Term
Confucius
Definition
believed rulers should set a good example
Term
Crusades
Definition
caused a growth of trade during the late Middle Ages
Term
Roman Catholic
Definition
during feudalism the most dominant religion in Europe was ...
Term
kings
Definition
gained power as towns and cities grew and feudalism declined
Term
the Church
Definition
dominant power in Middle Ages because they made their own laws and courts
Term
lord
Definition
in feudalism, he promised to provide protection to those who swore loyalty to him
Term
Tokugawa
Definition
shogunate that wanted to end feudal warfare in Japan
Term
archipelago
Definition
chain of islands
Term
humanism
Definition
movement that focused less on religion and more on human issues
Term
predestination
Definition
Calvin's idea that God already decided who would go to heaven
Term
Anglican Church
Definition
formed when pope refused to annul Henry VIII's marriage
Term
Copernicus
Definition
proposed idea that the earth travels around the sun; Galileo supports his ideas and is accused of heresy
Term
indulgences
Definition
early Protestant Reformers criticized the Church for selling ...
Term
literacy (people learning to read)
Definition
development of printing led to the spread of the Reformation and to ...
Term
shogun
Definition
held real power in feudal Japan
Term
Reformation
Definition
original goal of this was just to improve the Catholic Church
Term
perspective
Definition
Renaissance painting technique used by Michelangelo
Term
faith
Definition
Luther believed you only needed _______ to get into heaven
Term
Joan of Arc
Definition
leader of French in Hundred Years' War; burned at the stake
Term
Charlemagne
Definition
king of the Franks; reunited western Europe after Rome collapsed
Term
Magna Carta
Definition
King John was forced to sign this; limited his power
Term
fief
Definition
land given in exchange for loyalty
Term
Holy Land
Definition
Jerusalem and surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught
Term
Silk Road
Definition
allowed ideas and inventions to spread during China's Golden Age
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