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final exam review
terms
131
Biology
10th Grade
06/07/2009

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Term
Cell
Definition
The smallest unit that can perform all functions life (eg: heart cell)
Term
tissue
Definition
a group of similar cells
Term
organ
Definition
a group of similar tissues
Term
organ system
Definition
a group of similar organs
Term
organism
Definition
a group of similar organ systems
Term
population
Definition
a group of similar organsims
Term
community
Definition
many populations living in the same area
Term
ecosystem
Definition
all of the living and non living aspects of an area
Term
biome
Definition
a major type of ecosystem determined by climate and the amount of water present
Term
biosphere
Definition
a collection of all the life on earth
Term
autotrophs
Definition
organisms that can produce their energy from inorganic material ie producer
Term
heterotrophs
Definition
organisms that can't produce their own energy and must consume to survie (ie consumers)
Term
producers
Definition
see autotroph
Term
consumers
Definition
see heterotroph
Term
detrivore
Definition
orgnisms that only consume dead or decaying materials
Term
herbivore
Definition
animal consumes only producers
Term
carnivore
Definition
organisms that only consume other consumers
Term
omnivore
Definition
consumer that eats both consumers and producers
Term
biomass
Definition
the amount of living tissue in a trophic level
Term
food chain
Definition
a simple diagram that shows some of the feeding relationships within an ecosystem
Term
food web
Definition
a complex diagram that shows the network of feeding realtionships within an ecosystem
Term
food web
Definition
a complex diagram that shows the network of feeding realtionships within an ecosystem
Term
trophic level
Definition
an energy level of an ecosystem ig prducers consumer primary consumers and secondary consumers
Term
water cycle
Definition
a diagram that shows how water is recycled through the ecosystem
Term
nitrogen cycle
Definition
a diagram that shows how nitrogen is recycled through the ecosystem
Term
carbon cycle
Definition
a diagram that shows how water is recycled through the ecosystem
Term
energy flow
Definition
energy enters the biosphere from sunlight and flows from producer to consumer to decomposer
Term
glucose
Definition
sugar product of phtosynthesis;reactant of cellular respiration
Term
water
Definition
h20 reactant of photosynthesis product of cellular respiration
Term
oxygen
Definition
02 product of photosynthesis; reactant of cellular respiration
Term
carbon dioxide
Definition
c02; reactant of photosynthesis product of cellular respiration
Term
cellular respiration
Definition
process by which consumers release energy from sugars: C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP
Term
phtosynthesis
Definition
process by which producers store sunlight energy in the form of sugars6O2 + C6H12O6
Term
Dna
Definition
double strand ecample of nuecleic acid- stores all genetic information
Term
Rna
Definition
single strand example of a nuecleic acid- does all the wprk for Dna
Term
nuecleotide base
Definition
a monomer of nuecleic acids( cytosine, guanine ect)
Term
codon
Definition
a set of three nuecletide bases that code for an amino acid
Term
protein
Definition
a organic molecule that provides structure
Term
amino acid
Definition
the monomer of all proteins
Term
ribosmoes
Definition
an organelle responsible for making proteins
Term
replication
Definition
processes of dna creating a duplicate copy of itself
Term
transcription
Definition
process of dna creating an rna copy of itself.
Term
translation
Definition
process of rna using genetic codes to asssemble amino acids into protein
Term
genetic code
Definition
chart used to determine which amino acids are used by a codon.
Term
mutations
Definition
errors in a copy of DNA
Term
gene
Definition
a portion of dna that codes for a single protein(trait)
Term
Alleles
Definition
a version of a gene; can be recessive or dominant
Term
genotype
Definition
a version of a gene can be dominant or recessive.
Term
genotype
Definition
all of the genes that you have inherited and can pass on to the next genereation.
Term
phenotype
Definition
the physcial representation of a genotype and or trait
Term
dominant
Definition
see heterozygous
Term
recessive
Definition
an allele that does not express its protein
Term
trait
Definition
the prescence or absence of a certain protein
Term
offspring
Definition
the next generation of an organism
Term
probability
Definition
the liklihood that the off spring will have acertain trait
Term
punnet square
Definition
a chart used to determine the probability of a certain trait
Term
homozygous
Definition
an organism with two copies of the same allele
Term
heterozygous
Definition
an organism with two diffrent alleles
Term
polgenic trait
Definition
a trait that consist of more than one protein
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
an allele that does not demonstrate complete dominance
Term
multiple alleles
Definition
a trait that has more than one dominant allele
Term
codominance
Definition
when there are more than one dominant allel for a trait and they are both expressed
Term
hybrid
Definition
an organism that has two diffrent alleles - heterozygous
Term
purebred
Definition
see homozygous
Term
diploid
Definition
a cell containing two copies of each chromosome ig body cells
Term
haploid
Definition
a cell containing one of ecah chromosome ig sex cells
Term
gamete
Definition
a sex cell; they are always haploids
Term
genetics
Definition
the study of heredity
Term
heredity
Definition
how traits are passed from one generation to another
Term
mitosis
Definition
the division of one body cell into two
Term
meiosis
Definition
the divvision of one body cell into four sex cells
Term
nuecleus
Definition
an organelle in the center of a eukaryote that stores DNA.
Term
chromosome
Definition
a package of DNA wrapped around proteins located in the nuecleus
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the fluid within a cell
Term
adenine
Definition
nuecleotide base within RNA and DNA pairs with thymine in DNa and Uracil in RNA
Term
Thymine
Definition
nuecleotide base in Dna only: pairs with adenine
Term
uracil
Definition
nuecleotide base in Rna only: pairs with adenine
Term
guanine
Definition
nuecleotide base in Rna and Dna: pairs with cytosine
Term
cytosine
Definition
nuecleotide base in Rna and Dna: pairs with guanine
Term
deoxyribose
Definition
sugar of DNA
Term
Ribose
Definition
sugar of Rna
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
an organism whos genetic material is stroed in a nuecleus( everything but bacteria)
Term
prokaryote
Definition
an organism who genetic material floats free through its cyto plasm ( bacteria)
Term
unicellular
Definition
composed of one cell
Term
multicellular
Definition
an organism that is composed of more than one cell
Term
Classification
Definition
the catergorization of things putting like things together
Term
taxonomy
Definition
the scientific catergorization of living organisms
Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
the scientific name for organisms :genus species
Term
scientific name
Definition
a single latin name that classifies a species
Term
common name
Definition
a generic name for a species that can refer to more than one type of species ex. dolphin turantula dog ect.
Term
kingdom
Definition
the broadest group of taxonomy
Term
phylum
Definition
a group of similar classes
Term
class
Definition
a group of similar orders
Term
order
Definition
a group of similar families
Term
families
Definition
a group of similar genus
Term
genus
Definition
a group of similar species
Term
species
Definition
a population of organisms that can breed to produce viable offsprings
Term
animalia
Definition
animals multcellular eukaryoe consumers
Term
plantae
Definition
olants multicellular eukaryote producers
Term
fungi
Definition
fungus multicellular eukaryote decomposer
Term
protista
Definition
ancient kingdom can be consumers decomposers or producers and are ussually multi cellular
Term
bacteria
Definition
unicellular prokaryotes
Term
eubacteria
Definition
common bacteria
Term
archobacteria
Definition
bacteria that survie in extreme conditions
Term
mammalia
Definition
mammals warm blooded lungs give live birth nurse their young have fur or hair
Term
aves
Definition
birds warm blooded lay eggs have feathers
Term
reptilia
Definition
reptiles cold blooded lungs lay eggs have scales
Term
amphibia
Definition
amphibians cold blooded have lungs as juveniles and adults
Term
fish
Definition
cold blooded have gills
Term
chordata
Definition
animals with spinal chords and vetrebra
Term
invertebra
Definition
animals with no spinal chord
Term
sponges
Definition
no symmetry have pores throughout body
Term
cnidarian
Definition
radial symmetry stinging cells corals jellyfish sea anenomes
Term
echinoderms
Definition
radial symmetry spiky skin
Term
round worms
Definition
bilateral symmetry- simple tube shaped worm
Term
flat worms
Definition
bilateral symmetry- simply flattened worms
Term
segmented worms
Definition
bilateral symmetry- more complex worms with partitioned bodies
Term
mollusks
Definition
bilateral symmetry- soft bodies, soft bodies, conchs slugs ect.
Term
arthropods
Definition
bilateral symmetry jointed legs
Term
radial symmetry
Definition
circular symmetry
Term
bilateral symmetry
Definition
reflection like, two sided symmetry
Term
symbiosis
Definition
when two organisms live closely together
Term
predation
Definition
when one organism hunts to consume another organism
Term
habitat
Definition
the area within an ecosystem where an organism lives.
Term
niche
Definition
the role an organism plays inan ecosystem
Term
competition
Definition
where their is not enough rescources to support all organisms in an ecosystem, the organisms must fight for their share
Term
rescources
Definition
things nessecary for life
Term
natural selection
Definition
darwinism - the strong prosper the weak die off
Term
adaptation
Definition
a specific trait that allows an organism to compete for resorces in its enviorment
Term
ancestors
Definition
an organism that has passed on its genetics to future generations
Term
gene pool
Definition
all the genes present in a given population.
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