Term
| what states that energy cannot be created or destroyed? |
|
Definition
| law of conservation of energy |
|
|
Term
energy flowing from a warmer to a cooler object is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of energy needed to raise temperature a certain amount |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the SI unit for heat and energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what measures the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what affect does increasing the temperature have on the reaction rate? |
|
Definition
| it makes the reaction go faster |
|
|
Term
| how do catalysts affect reaction rates |
|
Definition
| they speed up the reaction by lowering the activation energy |
|
|
Term
| what is true of products and reactants at equilibrium? |
|
Definition
| their concentrations are the same |
|
|
Term
| how are hydroniums ions formed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a strong acid titrated with a strong bade will produce a solution with what pH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you determine pH if the pOH is 12? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the end point in a titration? |
|
Definition
| where the indicator changes color |
|
|
Term
| what is the equivalence point in a titration |
|
Definition
| where the acids and the bases are neutral |
|
|
Term
| a solution with more [OH-] than [H+] is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a solution with more [H+] than [OH-] is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a solution with equal amounts of [OH-] and [H+] is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the equation for the self ionization of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the products of a neutralization reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the formula for pH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an alkane only contains what type of atoms? Bonds? |
|
Definition
| Carbon and Hydrogen; single bonds |
|
|
Term
| all organic compounds contain what element? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nonpolar solutes dissolve best in what types of solutes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what type of solution conatins less dissolved solute that a saturated solution at the same temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what functional group signifies alcohol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many ions will form when MgCl2 ionizes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between an acid and its conjugate base? |
|
Definition
| that have an opposite or reverse relationship |
|
|
Term
| what is the arrehnius definition of an acid and a base? |
|
Definition
| an acid is an H+ donor and a base is an H+ acceptor |
|
|
Term
| what is the bronsted lowry definition of an acid and a base? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy flowing from hot to cold |
|
|
Term
| what is the SI unit for heat and energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes up the universe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what states that a spontaneous process always proceeds in a way that the entropy of the universe increases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the heat required to raise one gram of substance is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| device used to meature the heat absorbed or released in a reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a reaction that can occur in both the forward and reverse directions is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what direction would increasing the concentration of products affect the equilibrium position |
|
Definition
| it would move it back to the left |
|
|
Term
what will slow down the rate of the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will speed up the rate of the reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the amount of energy needed to form the activated complex is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celcius is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the heat content of the reaction system increases then it is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the heat content of the system decreases then it is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what principle determines the way equilibrium will shift if stress is placed on the system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the products of a neutralization reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two liquids that are capable of being mixed are said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the coefficients of balanced chemical equation represent the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| before you can solve and stoichiometric probelm, the equation must first be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the substance in the chemical reaction that keeps the reaction from continuing to go forward is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the predicted amoun of product that will form is called the _______. The amount that is actually prodeced is called the ________. |
|
Definition
| Theoretical yeild and actual yeild. |
|
|
Term
| the SI based unit used to measure the amount of a substance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ratio of actual to theoretical yeild is a chemical reaction is called ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| write a balanced equation for the following reation: sodium chloride and magnesium bromide react to form 2 products |
|
Definition
| 2NaCl + MgBr = 2NaBr + MgCl2 |
|
|
Term
| to complete the stoichiometric problem you have to convert the known grams of a substance to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many grams of potassium chloride are produces if 25g of potassium chlorate decompose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what state of matter has the highest compressibility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which state of matter has the lowest kinetic energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the average amount of kinetic energy conatined in a substance is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of forces determines what state of matter a substance will be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these are the three types of _________ forces: ionic, covalent, metallic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a collision between gas particles where no kinetic energy is lost is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| standard atmosperic pressure is ______mmHg to ____ atm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is avogadro's number? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______ _______ theory describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the sum of pressures of each gas = total pressure of the micture of gasses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a measure of resistance of a liquid to flow is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what property of water allows a needle to float on its surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| solids with irregular, non repeating particles are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phase change when solid goes straight to gas without becoming a liwuid first |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
if a substance can dissolve into a solvent, it is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shaking and stirring, called _______ does what to solubility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common liquid solvent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is molarity? how is it expressed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moles of solute ÷ kg of solvent |
|
|
Term
| when you add a solute to a solvent the temperature at which a solvent boils _________. this is called the boiling point ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what property is being expressed when you add rock salt to ice to make ice cream? |
|
Definition
| the colligative property of freezing poing depression |
|
|
Term
| the ability of a solution to conduct electricity is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a _____ solution contains a small amount of solute relative to the solute's solubility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a solution crystalizes it is said to be ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydrocarbons contain what elements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all organic molecules contain what element? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the following: CH3CH2CH2CH3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the formula for an alcohol functional group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
name the following: CH3CH≡CHCH3 (doulbe bond instead of three) |
|
Definition
| butene (doulbe bond instead of three) |
|
|
Term
| general formula for an alkane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the formula for an amine group? what the key element to look for? |
|
Definition
|
|
