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Final Exam Chem 1211
Chapters 1-8, 12, 15
83
Chemistry
05/03/2011
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Term
Hydrogen Peroxide
 Definition
H2O2
Term
Hydrogen Chloride
 Definition
HCl
Term
Sulfuric Acid
 Definition
HNO3
Term
Acetic Acid
 Definition
CH3COOH
Term
Ammonia
 Definition
NH3
Term
Sulfur Dioxide
 Definition
SO2
Term
Sulfur Trioxide
 Definition
SO3
Term
Carbon Monoxide
 Definition
CO
Term
Carbon Dioxide
 Definition
CO2
Term
Methane
 Definition
CH4
Term
Ethane
 Definition
C2H6
Term
Propane
 Definition
C3H8
Term
Butane
 Definition
C4H10
Term
Pentane
 Definition
C5H12
Term
Benzene
 Definition
C6H6
Term
Methanol
 Definition
CH3OH
Term
Ethanol
 Definition
CH3CH2OH
Term
Acetone
 Definition
CH3COCH3
Term
Ether
 Definition
CH3CH2OCH2CH3
Term
Avagadro's number
 Definition
6.022E23
Term
*C-->*F
 Definition
*F=(1.8x*C)+32
Term
heat energy
q=
 Definition
q=m x c x ^T
(^T=change in temp)
Term
mole/volume relation
 Definition
M1V1=M2V2
Term
Davy
 Definition
passed electricity through compounds
Term
Faraday
 Definition
amount of reaction during electrolysis is proportional the the electrical current
Term
Thompson
 Definition
Determined e/m ratio, "discoverer of electrons"
Cathode ray with positive and negative plates on either side
Term
Millikan
 Definition
Determined charge and mass of electron
Container with hole, electrons drop through
Term
Goldstein
 Definition
observed canal rays
Term
Geiger and Marsden
 Definition
Shot gamma rays at piece of foil, most went straight through, some bounced back
Term
Rutherford
 Definition
analyzed Geiger and Marsden's experiment, found that atoms have very small, dense (+) centers
Term
Chadwick
 Definition
discovered neutrons
Term
metallic characteristics
 Definition
|<---
Term
Ampere
 Definition
1A=1E-10m
Term
velocity/c/wavelength(~)
 Definition
V=c/~
Term
Energy/h/c/~
 Definition
E=(hc)/~
Term
Planck's constant
 Definition
h=6.626E-34 J*s
Term
how to find wavelength moving from one energy level to another
 Definition
(1/~)=R[{1/(n1)2}-{1/(n2)2}]
Term
Rydberg's constant
 Definition
R=1.097E7 m-1
Term
speed of light through a vacuum
 Definition
c=3.00E8 m/s
Term
s orbital
 Definition
l=0
m(l)=0
Term
p orbital
 Definition
l=1
m(l)=-1,0,+1
Term
d orbital
 Definition
l=2
m(l)=-2,-1,0,+1,+2
Term
f orbital
 Definition
l=3
m(l)=-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3
Term
electron capacity of subshell
 Definition
4(l)+2
Term
electron capacity of a shell
 Definition
2n^2
Term
atomic radii
 Definition
|<---
Term
first ionization energy
 Definition
^--->
except 3A<2A and 6A<5A
Term
electron negativity
 Definition
--->-
^
Term
Electronegativity-ionic/(non)polar covalent
 Definition
^EN>1.7 ionic
0.4<^EN<1.7 polar covalent
^EN<0.4 nonpolar covalent
Term
acidic
 Definition
--->
^
Term
Strong acids
 Definition
HCl HBr HI HNO3 H2SO4 HClO4
Term
Weak acids
 Definition
HF
CH3COOH
HCN
HNO2
H2CO3
H2SO3
H3PO4
(COOH)2
Term
Strong bases
 Definition
1A oxides 2A oxides
LiOH Ca(OH)2
NaOH Sr(OH)2
KOH Ba(OH)2
RbOH
CsOH
Term
2 ternary acids with same central nonmetal
 Definition
hypo-stem-ous=2 lower ox
-ous=1 lower ox
-ic=1 higher ox
per-stem-ic=2 higher ox
Term
covalent bond
 Definition
2 nonmetals
Term
ionic bond
 Definition
metal+nonmetal
Term
Ternary acids
 Definition
H+nonmetal+O
Term
acid+base
 Definition
-->salt +H2O
never redox
Term
Formal Charge
 Definition
group# - (#of bonds + #unshared e-)
the lewis dot structure with all closest to 0 is best
Term
linear e. geo
 Definition
AB2
nonpolar
Term
trig. planar e. geo
 Definition
AB3
nonpolar
Term
tetrahedral e. geo
nonpolar
 Definition
AB4
nonpolar
Term
tetrahedral e. geo
polar
 Definition
AB3U, AB3U2, UBU3
polar
Term
trigonal bipyramidal e. geo
 Definition
AB5, AB4U, AB3U2, AB2U3
nonpolar
no octet rule
Term
octahedral e. geo
 Definition
AB6, AB5U, AB4U2
nonpolar
Term
every double bond has...
 Definition
1o, 1pi
Term
every triple bond has...
 Definition
1o, 2pi
Term
every single bond has...
 Definition
1o, 0pi
Term
*C --> K
 Definition
K= *C+273
Term
combined gas law
 Definition
[(P1V1)/T1]=[(P2V2)/T2]
Term
STP
 Definition
0*C
1 atm
22.4 L
Term
pressure, temperature, volume equation
 Definition
PV=nRT
Term
universal gas constant
 Definition
R=0.0821 (Latm/molK)
Term
total pressure
 Definition
Ptot=P1+P2+P3...
Term
atm to torr
 Definition
1atm=760 torr
Term
diffusion
 Definition
mixing one substance with another
Term
effuse
 Definition
gas in container with porous walls
Term
van der Waals equation
 Definition
[P+{(n^2)a/v^2}*{V-nb)=nrt
Term
exothermic
 Definition
releases energy
Term
endothermic
 Definition
absorbs energy
Term
Thermochemical standards
 Definition
298.15 K
1 atm
Term
electron affinity equation
 Definition
x(g)+e(-) --> X(-)(g)
Term
strong acid-strong base reactions equation
 Definition
H+(aq)+OH-(aq) --> H2O(l)