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Details Title: final exam - ch. 13 Description: final exam - ch. 13 Total Flash Cards: 35 Created: 12/05/2006 23:52:45	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term holocene ch. 13 Definition def: the geological epoch during which we now live. the holocene follows the pleistocene epoch and began roughly 11,000 - 10,000 ya Term beringia ch. 13 Definition def: the dry-land connection between asia and america that existed periodically during the pleistocene Term tundra ch. 13 Definition def: treeless plains characterized by permafrost conditions that support the growth of shallow-rooted vegetation such as grasses and mosses Term cordilleran ch. 13 Definition def: pleistocene ice sheet originating in mountains of western north america Term laurentian ch. 13 Definition def: pleistocene ice sheet centered in the hudson bay region and extending across much of eastern canada and the norhtern united states Term athabaskan ch. 13 Definition def: largest native american language family in north america; includes more than 35 languages spoken in western north america Term paleo-indians ch. 13 Definition def: in the americas, early hunter-gatherers, from about 14,000 to 8,000 ya Paleo-indian cultures - hunter gatherers - megafauna - regional diversity - fluted points - clovis points and folsom points- both found in new mexico dating 13,000 – 12,000 ya- diversity of tool kits, look like what you would find in the old world. Term fluted point ch. 13 Definition def: a biface or projectile point having had long, thin flakes removed from each face to prepare the base for hafting, or attachment to a shaft Term megafauna ch. 13 Definition def: literally, "large animals," those weighing over 100 pounds Term folsom ch. 13 Definition def: phase of southern great plains prehistory, around 12,500 ya, during which long-fluted projectile points were used for bison hunting Term plano ch. 13 Definition def: great plains bison-hunting culture of 11,000 - 9,000 ya, which employed narros, unfluted points Term dalton ch. 13 Definition def: late or transitional paleo-indian projectile point type that dates between 10,000 to 8,000 ya in the eastern united states Term younger dryas ch. 13 Definition def: a stadial between roughly 13,500 and 11,500 ya; the climate of higher latitudes became colder and drier but did not mark a full return to glacial conditions Term till plain ch. 13 Definition def: stones, boulders, mud, sand, and silt deposited by glaciers as they melt; a ground moraine. Term climatic maximum ch. 13 Definition def: episode of higher average annual temperatures that affected much of the globe for several millennia after the end of the last ice age; also known as the altithermal in the western united states or hypsithermal in the east Term mesolithic ch. 13 Definition def: middle stone age; period of hunter-gatherers, especially in northwestern europe Term epipaleolithic ch. 13 Definition def: term used primarily in reference to the near east, designating the time of middle stone age foragers and collecters Term archaic ch. 13 Definition def: norht american archaeological period that follows the end of the last ice age and traditionally ends with the beginning of the use of ceramics; equivalent to the mesolithic in the old world Term hunter-gatherers ch. 13 Definition def: people who make their living by hunting, fishing, and gethering their food, and not by producing it paleo indians Term foragers ch. 13 Definition def: hunter-gatherers who live in small groups that move camp frequently to take advantage of fresh resources as they come into season; few resources stored in anticiplation of future use australopithecines were omnivore: foragers Term collectors ch. 13 Definition def: hunter-gatherers who tend to stay in one place for a long time; task groups may range far afield to hung and collect food and other resources that are brought back to camp and shared among its inhabitants; valued food resources commonly stored in anticipation of future use Term middens ch. 13 Definition def: archaeological sites or features within sites formed largely by the accumulation of domestic waste. Term seasonality and resource scheduling ch. 13 Definition def: technique of hunter-gatherers to maximize subsistence by relocating in accord with the availability of key resources at specific times and places throughout the year Term great basin ch. 13 Definition def: rugged, dry plateau between the mountains of california and utah, comprising nevada, western utah, and southern oregon and idaho Term coprolites ch. 13 Definition def: preserved fecal material, which can be studied for what the contents reveal about diet and health Term totem ch. 13 Definition def: an animal or being associated with a kin-group and used for social identification; also, a carved pole representing these beings Term potlatch ch. 13 Definition def: ceremonial feasting and gift-giving even among northwest coast indians Term sedentism ch. 13 Definition def: to reside in a single location for most or all of the year; to become sedentary Term aurochs ch. 13 Definition def: european wild oxen, ancestral to domesticated cattle Term carrying capacity ch. 13 Definition def: in an environment, this is the maximum population of a specific organism that can be maintained at a steady state Term kebaran ch. 13 Definition def: late pleistocene hunter-gatherers of the eastern mediterranean region and levant Term transhumance ch. 13 Definition def: seasonal migration from one resource zone to another, especially between highlands and lowlands Term natufian ch. 13 Definition def: collector-type hunter-gatherers who established sedentary settlements in parts of the near east after 12,000 ya Term dental caries ch. 13 Definition def: erosions in teeth caused by decay; cavities Term bering land bridge Definition exposed during periods of maximum glaciation. groups during the late pleiistocene travelled southward into what is now the united states by following the "ice-free corridor" that emerged between the cordilleran and laurentian ice sheets in western canada.