Term
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Definition
| loop diuretic--inhibits Na-K-2Cl symport in thick ascending limb (CHF, pulmonary edema, hypertension, hypercalcemia, edema of nephrotic syndrome, edema with liver cirrhosis, overdoses, treat hyponatremia when administered with hypertonic saline) |
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Term
| hydrochlorothiazide (microzide) |
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Definition
| thiazide diuretic--inihibits Na-Cl symport in early distal convoluted tubule (edema of heart failure, 1st line for hypertension, prevent Ca nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ascites from liver cirrhosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| strongest thiazide diuretic--inihibits Na-Cl symport in early distal convoluted tubule (edema of heart failure, 1st line for hypertension, prevent Ca nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ascites from liver cirrhosis) -doesnt increase LDL/cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| K sparing diuretic--inhibits Na channels in principal cells of collecting duct (combo with other diuretics for edema from CHF, hepatic cirrhosis, hyperaldosteronism, and hypertension; Liddle's syndrome (pseudohyperaldosteronism)) |
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Term
| spironolacatone (aldactone) |
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Definition
| K sparing diuretic--nonselective aldosterone receptor blocker (combo with other diuretic for edema of CHF and cirrhosis; hypertension; hyperaldosteronism) |
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Term
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Definition
| K sparing diuretic--selective aldosterone receptor blocker (combo with other diuretic for edema of CHF and cirrhosis; hypertension; hyperaldosteronism) |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenergic neuron inhibitor--depletes NE in periphery--decreases CO and TPR (hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenergic neuron inhibitor--central alpha2 agonist--decrease TPR and renin (hypertension during pregnancy) |
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Term
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Definition
| adernergic neuron inhibitor--central alpha2 agonist--decrease TPR and renin (patch for primary hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha1 receptor blocker--decrease TPR (short acting for hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha1 receptor blocker--decrease TPR (long acting for hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| non-selective beta blocker--decrease contractility and renin--high lipid solubility (hypertension, prevention of angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| non-selective beta blocker--decrease contractility and renin (hypertension, prevention of angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| non-selective beta blocker--decrease contractility and renin (hypertension, prevention of angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| non-selective beta blocker w/ ISA--decrease contractility, renin, and TPR (hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| B1 blocker--decrease contractility and renin (hypertension, prevention of angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| B1 blocker--decrease contractility and renin (hypertension, prevention of angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| B1 blocker w/ ISA--decrease contractility, renin, and TPR (hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha1 and non-selective beta blocker w/ ISA--mainly decrease in TPR (severe primary hypertension and hypertensive emergencies) |
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Term
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Definition
| NO releasing beta1 blocker--decrease TPR and CO (hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| dilates arterioles (hypertension) |
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Term
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Definition
| dilates arterioles--opens ATP-sensitive K channels (severe hypertension in renal patients) |
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Term
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Definition
| calcium channel blocker--decrease contractility (hypertension, especially for elderly and AA's, and high Na intake, prevention of all forms of angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| calcium channel blocker--decrease contractility (hypertension, especially for elderly and AA's, and high Na intake, prevention of all forms of angina) |
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Term
| nifedipine (procardia-XL) |
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Definition
| calcium channel blocker--decrease TPR (hypertension, especially for elderly and AA's, and high Na intake, pulmonary hypertension, prevention and acute treatment of angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| calcium channel blocker--decrease TPR (hypertension, especially for elderly and AA's, and high Na intake) |
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Term
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease TPR, aldosterone, increase bradykinin (hypertension, especially those w/ diabetic nephropathy) |
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Term
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease TPR, aldosterone, increase bradykinin (hypertension, especially those w/ diabetic nephropathy) |
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Term
| lisinopril (prinivil, zestril) |
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease TPR, aldosterone, increase bradykinin (hypertension, especially those w/ diabetic nephropathy) |
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Term
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease TPR, aldosterone, increase bradykinin (hypertension, especially those w/ diabetic nephropathy or renal insufficiency) |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiotensin receptor blocker--decrease TPR and aldosterone (hypertension, especially those w/ diabetic nephropathy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiotensin receptor blocker--decrease TPR and aldosterone (hypertension, especially those w/ diabetic nephropathy) |
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Term
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Definition
| renin inhibitor--decrease TPR and aldosterone (hypertension, especially those w/ diabetic nephropathy) |
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Term
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Definition
| B1 blocker (hypertensive emergency) |
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Term
| nitroglycerin (minitran, nitrostat) |
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Definition
| activate guanylyl cyclase--increase cGMP--smooth muscle relaxation and decreased preload (prevention and acute treatment of all types of angina) |
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Term
| isosorbide dinitrate (isordil) |
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Definition
| activate guanylyl cyclase--increase cGMP--smooth muscle relaxation and decreased preload (prevention and acute treatment of all types of angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acid oxidation inhibitor--inhibits late inward sodium current? (chronic stable angina) |
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Term
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Definition
| cholesterol absorption inhibitor--inhibits specific protein-mediated transport--decreases LDL (high LDL type hyperlipoproteinemias) |
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Term
| cholestyramine (questran) |
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Definition
| bile acid binding resins--exchange chloride for bile acids--decrease LDL (high LDL type hyperlipoproteinemias) |
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Term
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Definition
| bile acid binding resins--exchange chloride for bile acids--decrease LDL (high LDL type hyperlipoproteinemias) |
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Term
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Definition
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor--most effective at lowering LDL, also decreases VLDL and IDL (elevated LDL cholesterol, antiinflammatory) |
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Term
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Definition
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor--most effective at lowering LDL, also decreases VLDL and IDL (elevated LDL cholesterol, antiinflammatory) |
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Term
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Definition
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor--most effective at lowering LDL, also decreases VLDL and IDL (elevated LDL cholesterol, antiinflammatory) |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrate--increased lipoprotein lipase via increased PPAR alpha--decrease VLDL and triglycerides (primary hyperlipidemias w/ high VLDL, hypertriglyceridemia secondary to apolipoprotein E defect) |
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Term
| fenofibrate (tricor, triglide) |
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Definition
| fibrate--increased lipoprotein lipase via increased PPAR alpha--decrease VLDL and triglycerides (primary hyperlipidemias w/ high VLDL, hypertriglyceridemia secondary to apolipoprotein E defect) |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits intracellular lipolysis in fat cells (hormone sensitive lipase)--decreases VLDL and lipoprotein, increases HDL (primary type hyperlipidemias and patients w/ HDL deficiency) |
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Term
| omega-3-acid ethyl esters (lovaza) |
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Definition
| inhibit hepatic synthesis of triglycerides (adjunct to diet in patients w/ high plasma triglycerides, decreases VLDL, antiinflammatory) |
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Term
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Definition
| digitalis glycoside inotropic agent--inhibits Na/K ATPase increasing Na and Ca in myocytes leading to increased contractility and decreased rate (CHF) -risk of arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
| B1 agonist inotropic agent--increased CO (severe, refractory CHF) -only give IV |
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Term
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Definition
| B1 agonist inotropic agent--increase CO (severe, refractory CHF) -only give IV, more powerful than dobutamine |
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Term
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone levels which decreases preload and afterload increasing CO indirectly (CHF) -non productive cough |
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Term
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone levels which decreases preload and afterload increasing CO indirectly (CHF) -non productive cough, prodrug |
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Term
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone levels which decreases preload and afterload increasing CO indirectly (CHF) -non productive cough |
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Term
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Definition
| angiotensin-II receptor blocker--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone, decreasing preload and afterload (CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| angiotensin-II receptor blocker--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone, decreasing preload and afterload (CHF) |
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Term
| hydrochlorothiazide (microzide) |
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Definition
| thiazide diuretic--inhibit Na/Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule (CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| loop diuretic--inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter in loop of henle (CHF when GFR<30ml/min) |
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Term
| spironolactone (aldactone) |
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Definition
| K sparing aldosterone antagonist (CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| K sparing aldosterone antagonist (CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| direct vasodilator--afterload reduction (refractory or post MI CHF) |
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Term
| nitroprusside (nitropress) |
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Definition
| direct vasodilator--preload and afterload reduction (refractory or post MI CHF) -IV and monitor |
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Term
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Definition
| direct vasodilator--preload reduction (refractory or post MI CHF) -tolerance |
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Term
| isosorbide dinitrate (isosordil) |
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Definition
| direct vasodilator--preload reduction (refractory or post MI CHF) -tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
| direct vasodilator and diuretic--increases cGMP, decreasing preload and afterload (refractory or post MI CHF) -IV and monitor |
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Term
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Definition
| beta blocker--prevent down regulation of beta receptors, excessive tachycardia and arrhythmias, and renin release (early CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| beta and alpha blocker--prevent down regulation of beta receptors, excessive tachycardia and arrhythmias, and renin release (early CHF) -antioxidant |
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Term
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Definition
| beta blocker--prevent down regulation of beta receptors, excessive tachycardia and arrhythmias, and renin release (early CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| Class II antiarrhythmic--beta blocker which decreases inward Ca currents (adrenergically-driven arrhythmic death post-MI) -stabilizes membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Class II antiarrhythmic--beta 1 blocker w/ ISA which decreases inward Ca currents (adrenergically-driven arrhythmias) |
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Term
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Definition
| Class II antiarrhythmic--short acting beta 1 blocker which decreases inward Ca currents (acute arrhythmias) |
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Term
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Definition
| Class IV antiarrhythmic--inhibits voltage sensitive L-type Ca channels mainly in AV node (mainly supraventricular arrhythmias especially reentrant ones) -makes arrhythmias worse w/ WPW accompanied by A-fib |
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Term
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Definition
| Class IV antiarrhythmic--inhibits voltage sensitive L-type Ca channels mainly in AV node (mainly supraventricular arrhythmias especially reentrant ones) -makes arrhythmias worse w/ WPW accompanied by A-fib |
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Term
| Class 1 antiarrhythmics (quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine, flecainide) |
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Definition
| inhibit Na channels which decreases phase 0 and phase 4 slopes, increasing the threshold for excitation and slowing conduction |
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Term
| Class 2 antiarrhythmics (propranolol, acebutolol, esmolol) |
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Definition
| beta blockers which decrease inward Ca currents, this diminishes phase 0 and 4 depolarization, depressing automaticity and conduction in nodal tissues |
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Term
| Class 3 antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, dofetilide) |
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Definition
| inhibit phase 3 K channels prolonging repolarization and action potential duration |
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Term
| Class 4 antiarrhythmics (verapamil, diltiazem) |
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Definition
| block voltage sensitive L-type Ca channels in AV node mainly, decreasing phase 0 and 4 slopes. slightly prolong APD in phase 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Class 1A antiarrhythmic--inhibits sodium and potassium channels (versatile, inhibits ectopic atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, given prior to cardioversion) -QT prolongation |
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Term
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Definition
| Class 1A antiarrhythmic--inhibits sodium and potassium channels (versatile, inhibits ectopic atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, given prior to cardioversion) |
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Term
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Definition
| Class 1B antiarrhythmic--inhibits late openin Na channels (ER treatment of ventricular arrhythmias during MI, stops torsades) |
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Term
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Definition
| Class 1C antiarrhythmic--greatest inhibition of Na channels (severe arrhythmias) -neg. inotropic effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Class III antiarrhythmic--mainly inhibits K channels, also may decrease conduction velocity by decreasing cell-to-cell coupling (resistant tachyarrhythmias, patients with ICD's) -interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid issues because it contains iodine |
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Term
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Definition
| Class III antiarrhythmic--inhibits K channels (supraventricular arrhythmias such as A-fib) -torsades |
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