1863 - The Annual Salon (France)

• To represent the best art
• Rejects almost 3,000 work submitted
• Causes major uproar
• Appease artist with second show.. "Salon des Refuses"
• The artist were upset because of what was being rejected

 Manet, Edouard. 1863 - "Olympia"

- Godness figure - classical Greece

- Contemporary french postiture

-same model as in "Dejeneur sur l'herbe"

-he has social graces on the mind (this makes him a realist)

-presented in 1865 and was accepted

-black cat = availability 

Impressionism

• First "Modern Art" movement.
• Goes against traditional academic art of the day
• First group of artist to paint outdoors with new paints available in tubes
• Omit black from their paletes, painting shadows in blues and violets.

Impressionism - cont.

• Subject is modern life and landscape
• Devoted to capturing a fleeting moment and changing light
• Painted with individual brush strokes
• Viewed a painting as an object, not a window (very rapid, straight naturalism or abstract depending on the paint and where you were at)

 [image]Edouard Manet (Luncheon on the Grass) 1863 "Father of Modern Art"

Early impressionism

Manet, Edouard. 1863

"Dejeneur sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass)"

-was presented and rejected to the academic salon based on subject matter

-his intentions weren't to challenge the academy but to become part of them

-responding to Raphael's painting of the same thing

-brother (left) and soon to be brother-in-law

Eduard Manet - Luncheon on the grass 1863 CONT'

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-rejected because of the nude woman

     -she's not a nymph, muse, or idealized

     -lack of perspective

     -she's making eye contact

     -they're all recognizable

-he's making a comment on the subjects that the academy accepts

-very traditional in forms of composition (copies Raphael's poses) 

- flat the figures, realist, not as detail (brush mark/stokes paintenly)

- light coming from the front instead of the side.

Impressionism - Claude Monet. Autumn Effect at Argenteuil 1873

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• Little dabs and flicks of paint indicate dazzle of fall foliage
• Dashes of blue and white suggest the play of light on the moving water surface
• Black has been banished from the palette, used green and blue
• brilliant colors must have produced an electric effect on a public accustomed to far more subdeued harmonies

Post Impressionism

• a generation of artist after the impresionist
• adopted the brightened palette and direct painting tech of the impressionist, but each artist in the group developed these characteristics into their own highly presonal style.

Into the 20th century: The AVANT - GARDE (french)

*This french word was originally a military term referring to the detachment of soldiers that went first into battle (the advance guard)

*Around 1880, artist began to use this term in reference to the boldest artist, going first into uncharted territory and up against the resistance and criticism of the conservative art world.

*They sought to advance the progress of art by dedicating themselves to overturning the traditional and established means of making art.

*Artist whose works can be characterized as unorthodox and experimental.

(Fauvism)   Henri Mattise "The Joy of Life"1905-1906

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*The fauves "Wild Beasts" (French) {oil on canvas}

Cubism

*The most original & powerful system for rethinking the representation of form and space since the Renaissance...a Declaration of Independence from Renaisance idea of art.

*Developed by Pablo Picasso & George Braque

George Braque, Le Portugais (The Emigrant){Picasso}

[image]  Cubism

 * Non Western object (introduction)

George Braque, Le Portugais(TheEmigrant) Picasso

• fully Cubist work, Not non-objective it's abstract
• discoveries are taken to their logical conclusion
• figure of a seated man playing his guitar is broken into facets based in simple geometric shapes, triangle, circle, line. No linear prespective
• picture is flating out space, shallow shade
• simplify, gray color, dark yellow, black tones

Expressionism

Expressionism - describes any style wher the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation.

A modern school of art in which an emotional impact is achieved through agitated brushwork, intense coloration, and violent, hallucinatory imagery.

Subjective

Objective

Die Brucke "The Bridge"

• sister group German expressionism founded Dresden 1905
• Had the idea of expressing their personal feelings in their art and in so doing they would build a bridge through their art to a better, more enlightened future.
• Intense expressive quality to all works.
• Intense arbitrary colors inspired by Fauvism

Street, Dresden, Kirchner, 1907, oil on canvas

Die Brucke (The Bridge)       

Street, Dresden, Kirchner, 1907, oil on canvas

Germany

Die Brucke (The Bridge)       

• The intense, arbitrary colors show Expressionism's link with Fauvism
• The wavering contours suggest the influence of Munch
• To the right, a crowd moves toward us
• Everyone seems to have a purpose - shopping...
• In the center there is a small figure of a child, stnds isolated from the crowds, her feet planted apart, resisting the flow.

Der Blaue Reiter "The Blue Rider"

• Led by Russian artist, Vasili Kan Dinsky
• He was the first to eliminate representation, creating the first non-objective art.
• Had the idea that art's spiritual and communicate power by in its own language fo line, form, and color.

Vasili Kandinsky Black Lines No. 189 (Blue Rider)

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• You don't ask what is it? you ask how does this affect me?
• Most of his work was done by listening to music
• Bright colors
• Non-objective art
• Lines, form and color

Futurism

Futurism:

• Italian movement that was inspired by the motion of the new machine age.
• Also inspired by the new scientific idea that forms are field of energy interacting with everything around it.
• Emphasized motion in their works.

(Futurism) - Umberto Boccioni Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

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• Unique Forms of Continuity in Space - represents a striding human figure as the Futurist imagined it to be in the light of contemporary science.  A field of energy interacting with everything around it.
• Casting bronze

Dada (Marcel Duchamp. Fountain. 1917)

• Protest different movement against WWI
• Begun by artists waiting out the war in Switzerland
• More an attitude than a coherent movement, embraced many different kinds of artist.
• Anti-art, anti-everything
• Explored the border between art and life in away that was extremely influential to later generations by the use of the "ready made"
• LHOOQ = hot in the pants.

1900-1915 (end of WWI)

1915 - 1940 (between the world wars)

Dada - Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917

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Fountain - a "ready-made" is a work of art that hte artist has not made but designated.

Duchamp never intended for  his ready-made to be permanent

Fountain was pure provacation

Surrealism - Salvador Dali. The Persistence of Memory. 1931 

• Influenced by theories of Sigmund Freud
• Practiced automatism - writing or drawing that flowered straight from the subconscious unchecked by reason or inhibitions
• Combined automutism with dream imagery
• Works often have erotic overtones due to Freud's theories that emphasized unconscious sexual desire.

Surrealism - Salvador Dali - The Presistence of Memory. 1931

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• Possibly the most famous of all Surralist
• A small painting that many people call simply "the melted watches"
• Offers a fascinating paradox, his rendering of forms is precise and meticulous- we might say super-realistic - yet the forms could not possibly be real.

The Bauhaus - Marcel Breuer. Armchair. 1928

• A school of Design founded in Germany in 1919
• The educational approach was designed to eliminate traditional divisions between painters, sculptors, architects, crafts artists, graphic designers, and industrial designers.
• Taught art in a "formal way" introducing the elements of art and principles of design.
• Created new designs compatible wit 20th century technology. 

• Structures, rooms, furniture, and everyday household objects were stripped of any kind of embellishment and simplified to clean lines.
• Simple economic design to manufacture, making good design available to everyone.

Continuation of Armchair.

The taut, un-upholstered seat, back, and armrests of simple black canvas contribute to the stark, dematerialized appearance of the chair.

 Continuation of Armchair

Center of Western Art moves to New York City

Abstract Expressionism, and Color field

Abstract Expressionists - Jackson Pollock. Number 1

• America's fist major art style
• Characterized by its large scale nonrepresentation imagery.  (It abstractly represents the feelings of the artist)
• Directly influenced by Surrealism, with its emphasis on the creative powers of the unconscious and its technique of automatism as a way to tap into them
• Painters dedicated to the expressive capacities of their own individual gestures and style.
• Paintings were very large.

(Abstract Expressionism) Jackson Pollock Number 1.

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• There is no focal point, no "composition"
• We find ourselves in front of a field of energy like the spray of crashing wave
• drip technique
• abstract and nonreprestational interchangeably

• A style of nonrepresentational painting featuring broad "field" or areas of color
• Like Abstract expressionis, the canvan are large scale meant to envelope the viewer
• Differs from AE by emphasizing a meditative quality.

(Color Field) Helen Frankenthaler. Spring Bank

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Pioneered a staining technique, pouring thinned paint onto canvas, and controlling its flow in various ways

stain painting - pouring paint, that has been thinned to the consistency of a dye, on to canvas, controlling it's flow various ways.

1960

Assemblage - Robert Rauchenberg, Factum II (Combine Painting)

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• Influenced by composer Raushenber "Combine Painting"
• The technique of creating are by grouping or piecing together distint 2D and 3D elements.
• Neo-Dada Movement - influenced by Dada's use of found objects as a way to mix art and life.
• Begi

Happenings - Alan Kaprow. Courtyard

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• Also influenced by John Gace
• An event of aged or directed by artist and offered as art
• Spontaneous, often multimedia events conceived by artists and performed not only by the artist themselves but often by the public present at the event as well
• Introduces the idea of ritual and performance as a forms of art.
• Begins to emphasize the idea that art is not an object to be bought and sold.

Pop Art - Andy Warhol. Cambell's Soup Cans. 1962

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• An art style of the 1960's characterized by emphasis on the forms and imagery of mass culture
• Mundane, over familiar objects and images from comic books, adv, billboards, and packaging
• Drawing art closer to life, but life that has been transformed by advertising and media

I just paint things I always thought were beautiful things we use every day and never think aboutit.

Very unified, variaty because different types of soup, silk screen like "mona lisa"

Video Art - Nan June Paik. TV Buddha

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• An art form that employs television as its medium.
• Introduced in the mid 1960's with the availability of in expensive hand held video camera
  
  

1970 - Land Art/Earthworks - . Reconstructed Icicles, Dumfriesshire.

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• Usually large in scale, made in a landscape from natural elements found there, such as rocks and dirt
• Also created to bypass conventional urban exhibition spaces
• Another style removing the "object" from art- art that can not be sold as a commodity

Phonorealism - Audrey Flack. Wheel of Fortune.

• an art movement of the 1960's and 70's that imitates the precision and detail of photgraphy
• most painters made there painting from photographs of the subject
• Most artist were interested in the double layer of information that transparent and reflective surface creates
• Also called Superrealism

Phonorealism - Audrey Flack. Wheel of Fortune.

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• Art created according to the belief that the essence of art resides in a motivatin idea, and that any physical realization or recording of this idea is secondary.
• Arose during the mid 1960's as artist tried to move away from producting objects that could be bought or sold.
• Often uses materials that have little or no inherent value.
• Often ephemeral, lasting only a short time.

• Organized to recover women's art of the past.
• Pushed far more equitable representation of women in museums and galleries
• During the first phase, the emphasis was on creating specifically female art.
• Many artist emphasize media that was tradionally seen for "Women's work"

Feminist - Judy Chicago. The Dinner Party

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1980's today

• A term used to describe the willfully plural and elective at forms of contemporry art
• Leads to the ideas of pluralism and multiculturalism ... lets everything in
• The Age of Apprecuatuib - refers to the artistic recycling of existing images

Appropriation - Sherrie Levin. Fountain brounze 1991

[image]Post Modern

• Recalled the sincerity and emotional intensity of the Expressionist movements of the early 20th century Europe
• Many artist were inspired by stree life, the 80's pure rock scene; and graffiti; images that were to appeared on subways, store fronts, and almost every urban surface
• Many "Stree Artists" themselves begin to get noticed
• Jean Michel Basquitat - he took a break

Neoexpressionism - Jean-Michael Basquat. Gold Griot

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• Many "street artists" themselves begin to get noticed
• Jean took a break

• an art form in which an entire room or sculptural space is threatedas work of art to be entered and experienced.

11.31   Installation      Christo & Jeanne-Claude. The Gates.

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