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Principles II Final
44
Biology
Undergraduate 1
12/08/2009

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Term
negative feedback
Definition
a mechanism whereby an end product of a process slows that process
Term
protein
Definition
biological polymer constructed from monomers called amino acids
Term
cell
Definition
the basic unit of life
Term
phylum
Definition
if otters and skunks belong to the same class then they must also belong to the same______
Term
vestigial structures
Definition
morphological structures that are "leftovers" from an evolutionary past
Term
5%
Definition
estimated completeness of the fossil record
Term
genome
Definition
the complete complement of an organisms species
Term
radiation
Definition
the emission of subatomic particles as a result of nuclear transformations
Term
sedimentary
Definition
relative dating of fossils is accomplished primarily by using ______ rocks
Term
inductive reasoning
Definition
reasoning that proceeds from specific observation to general conclusion
Term
europe
Definition
the age and composition of the Appalachians matches with mountains in________
Term
phylogeny
Definition
the evolutionary history of a species
Term
ontogony
Definition
the entire development of an organism from fertilization to death 
Term
Homo sapiens
Definition
the name of your species
Term
lightning
Definition
Oparin and Haldane proposed that energy necessary for primordial organic synthesis came from ______
Term
prokaryotes- photoautotrophs
Definition
the O2 revolution probably began with the origin of which group of organisms?
Term
75%
Definition
approximately ____% of human viruses can be traced to other animals
Term

  1. mutations
  2. dissemination

Definition
emergent viruses arise by_____(give one method)
Term
vaccine
Definition
a derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system
Term
commensalism
Definition
a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while neither hurting nor helping the other
Term
parasitism
Definition
a symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont benefits at the expense of the host
Term
exotoxin
Definition
toxins such as those exported from cells such as E. coli
Term
endotoxin
Definition
toxins which are components of the outer membrane in species such as Salmonella
Term
mutations
Definition
the most common source of genetic diversity in a bacterial colony
Term
bioremediation
Definition
refers to the use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment
Term
photoautotroph
Definition

Nutritional mode:

organism using light enegry and a CO2 carbon source

Term
photoheterotrophs
Definition

Nutritional Mode:

Organism using light energy and organic compounds for carbon source

Term
chemoautotroph
Definition

Nutritional Mode:

organism using inorganic chemical energy and CO2 as a carbon source

Term
chemoheterotroph
Definition

nutritional mode:

organism using organic compounds as an energy and carbon source

Term
antibiotic
Definition
a substance produced by microorganisms that can inhibit or kill bacteria
Term
antibody
Definition
an antigen binding immunoglobulin produced by B-cells
Term
spore
Definition
reproductive haploid cell that individually can develop into a new organism or structure
Term

n=23

2n=46

Definition
the human egg contains 23 chromosomes. what are the haploid and diploid numbers for humans?
Term
zygote
Definition
the diploid product of the union of an egg and sperm
Term
46
Definition
the number o chromosome that is characteristic of your somatic cells
Term
mitosis
Definition
during human maturation, this cell division accounts for all the non-reproductive cells of the body
Term
mitosis
Definition
cell division when a single-celled eukaryote reproduces asexually to produce clones
Term
protozoans
Definition
ingestive heterotrophic protists are commonly referred to as______
Term
unicellular
Definition
in terms of cellularity, most protists are____
Term
endocytosis
Definition
the cellular uptake of macromolecules by invaginating the cell membrane
Term
saprobe
Definition
an organism that obtains nutrients specifically from decaying organic matter
Term
chitin
Definition
nitrogen rich polyssacharide characteristic of fungal cell walls
Term
lichen
Definition
symbiotic association, photosynthetic microorganisms held in a mass of fungal hyphae
Term
ergot
Definition
mycosis liked to the Salem Witch Trials
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