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Female Reproductive System
Chabner The Language of Medicine - Chapter 8
340
Medical
Undergraduate 1
11/03/2012

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Term
-arche
Definition
beginning
Term
-cyesis
Definition
pregnancy
Term
-gravida
Definition
pregnant
Term
-ous
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-parous
Definition
bearing, bringing forth
Term
-rrhea
Definition
discharge
Term
-salpinx
Definition
fallopian (uterine) tube
Term
-tocia
Definition
labor,birth
Term
-version
Definition
act of turning
Term
Abortion
Definition
Premature ending of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is able to exist on its own.
Term
Abruptio placentae
Definition
Premature detachment of the placenta from its place in the uterine wall.
Term
Adnexa uteri
Definition
Accessory parts of the uterus; fallopian tubes and ovaries.
Term
Amenorrhea
Definition
Absence of menstrual flow.
Term
Amniocentesis
Definition
Surgical puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac.
Term
Amnion
Definition
Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus.
Term
Amniotic fluid
Definition
Fluid contained within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus.
Term
Anovulatory
Definition
Not accompanied by ovulation (release of eggs from the ovary).
Term
Apgar score
Definition
System of scoring an infant’s physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Term
Areola
Definition
Dark, pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
Term
Aspiration
Definition
Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction.
Term
Bartholin glands
Definition
Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body)
Term
Bartholin glands
Definition
Two small mucus-secreting glands near the opening of the vagina to the outside of the body.
Term
Carcinoma in situ
Definition
Cancerous tumor that is localized and has not spread either to nearby tissue or through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.
Term
Carcinoma of the breast
Definition
Malignant tumor of breast tissue; breast cancer.
Term
Carcinoma of the cervix
Definition
Malignant cells within the cervix (lower portion of the uterus).
Term
Carcinoma of the endometrium
Definition
Malignant tumor of the uterus (endometrium).
Term
Cauterization
Definition
Destruction of tissue by burning.
Term
Cephalic version
Definition
Procedure for turning the fetus so that its head is the presenting part to enter the birth canal first
Term
Cervical dysplasia
Definition
Abnormal cells in the cervix (lower, neck-like region of the uterus).
Term
Cervicitis
Definition
Inflammation of the cervix
Term
Cervix
Definition
Necklike, lower portion of the uterus
Term
Cesarean section
Definition
Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.
Term
Choriocarcinoma
Definition
Malignant tumor of the placenta.
Term
Chorion
Definition
Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta
Term
Chorion
Definition
Outermost membrane surrounding the developing fetus. It forms the fetal part of the placenta.
Term
Chorionic
Definition
Pertaining to the chorion
Term
Chorionic villus sampling
Definition
Sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis.
Term
Clitoris
Definition
Sensitive erectile tissue, outside the body in front of the opening of the female urethra
Term
Coitus
Definition
Sexual intercourse
Term
Colposcopy
Definition
Visual examination of the vagina using an endoscope (colposcope).
Term
Colposcopy
Definition
Visual examination of the vagina and uterine cervix using an optical magnifying instrument called a colposcope.
Term
Conization
Definition
Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix
Term
Corpus luteum
Definition
Yellow glandular mass (corpus) formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its ovum. It secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy.
Term
Cryocauterization
Definition
Use of freezing cold temperature to burn and destroy tissue.
Term
Cul-de-sac
Definition
Region in the lower abdomen between the uterus and the rectum
Term
Culdocentesis
Definition
Surgical (needle) puncture of the cul-de-sac to remove fluid for analysis and diagnosis of disease.
Term
Culdocentesis
Definition
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the cul-de-sac.
Term
Cystadenocarcinoma
Definition
Malignant tumor containing fluid-filled sacs and glandular tissue; commonly occurring in the ovaries.
Term
Cystadenoma
Definition
Benign tumor of cystic and glandular components, commonly found in the ovaries
Term
Dermoid cysts
Definition
Ovarian cysts lined with a variety of cell types (hair, skin, teeth).
Term
Dilatation
Definition
Widening and enlargement of a hollow organ.
Term
Dilation and curettage
Definition
Widening (dilation) of the cervix and scraping the endometrial lining of the uterus.
Term
Dysmenorrhea
Definition
Painful, difficult menses (menstruation).
Term
Dyspareunia
Definition
Painful sexual intercourse
Term
Dystocia
Definition
Difficult childbirth.
Term
Ectopic pregnancy
Definition
Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than in the uterus.
Term
Embryo
Definition
Stage in prenatal development from two to six weeks
Term
Endocervicitis
Definition
Inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix (lower, necklike portion of the uterus).
Term
Endometriosis
Definition
Endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus
Term
Endometritis
Definition
Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (upper portion).
Term
Endometrium
Definition
Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus.
Term
Episiotomy
Definition
Incision of the vulva (perineum) to widen the opening of the vagina during a difficult childbirth.
Term
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Definition
Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by a blood group incompatibility (Rh factor) between the mother and fetus
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Ovarian hormone that promotes female secondary sex characteristics and sexual development
Term
Exenteration
Definition
Removal of internal organs. Pelvic exenteration is removal of ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and sections of the intestines.
Term
Fallopian tube
Definition
One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus (oviducts or uterine tubes).
Term
Fertilization
Definition
Union of the egg (ovum) and sperm cell
Term
Fetal monitoring
Definition
Continuous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor.
Term
Fetal presentation
Definition
Manner in which the fetus enters the birth canal.
Term
Fetus
Definition
Stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks.
Term
Fibrocystic disease
Definition
Presence of small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast.
Term
Fibroids
Definition
Benign tumors of fibrous and muscular tissue in the uterus; leiomyomas.
Term
Fimbriae
Definition
Finger or fringe-like ends of the fallopian tubes
Term
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Definition
Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of
the egg cell (ovum).
Term
Galactorrhea
Definition
Excessive or abnormal secretion of milk after breast-feeding has ended.
Term
Gamete
Definition
Reproductive cell (ovum or sperm cell).
Term
Genitalia
Definition
Reproductive organs (genitals).
Term
Gestation
Definition
Nine-month period during which a fertilized egg cell develops into an infant; pregnancy.
Term
Gonad
Definition
Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones.
Term
Gynecology
Definition
Study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts.
Term
Gynecomastia
Definition
Female-like breast enlargement in a male.
Term
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Definition
Secreted by the placenta to sustain pregnancy
Term
Hyaline membrane disease
Definition
Acute lung disease in premature infants; respiratory distress disease syndrome of the newborn
Term
Hydrocephalus
Definition
Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain; in infants, the condition causes enlargement of the head.
Term
Hymen
Definition
Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina.
Term
Hysterectomy
Definition
Removal of the uterus.
Term
Hysterosalpingography
Definition
X-ray recording of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
Term
Hysteroscopy
Definition
Visual examination (endoscopic) of the uterus.
Term
In vitro fertilization
Definition
Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization. Fertilized ova are then implanted into the uterus through the cervix.
Term
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Definition
Device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
Term
Involution
Definition
Shrinking of the uterus (womb) to its normal size after childbirth.
Term
Labia
Definition
Lips of the vagina
Term
Lactation
Definition
Production of milk.
Term
Lactiferous ducts
Definition
Tubes that carry milk throughout the breast
Term
Laparoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope.
Term
Leiomyomas
Definition
Benign tumors of the uterus; fibroids
Term
Leukorrhea
Definition
White to yellow discharge from the vagina
Term
Lumen
Definition
Cavity or channel with a tube or tubular organ, as a blood vessel, vagina, or fallopian tube.
Term
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Definition
Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation
Term
Mammary
Definition
Pertaining to the breast
Term
Mammary papilla
Definition
Nipple of the breast
Term
Mammography
Definition
X-ray recording of the breast.
Term
Mammoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of the breast (augmentation or reduction surgery).
Term
Mastectomy
Definition
Removal (excision) of a breast
Term
Mastitis
Definition
Inflammation of a breast
Term
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Definition
Abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stools) by a fetus or newborn
Term
Menarche
Definition
Beginning of the first menstrual period (menses).
Term
Menometrorrhagia
Definition
Excessive uterine bleeding during menstruation and also between menstrual periods.
Term
Menopause
Definition
Gradual ending of menstruation
Term
Menorrhagia
Definition
Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods
Term
Menorrhea
Definition
Menstruation; monthly discharge of blood from the lining of the uterus.
Term
Menstruation
Definition
Monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus; menses.
Term
Metrorrhagia
Definition
Bleeding between menstruations
Term
Multigravida
Definition
A woman who has been pregnant more than once.
Term
Multipara
Definition
A woman who has delivered more than one viable infant.
Term
Multiple gestation
Definition
More than one fetus inside the uterus.
Term
Myomectomy
Definition
Removal of muscle tumors (fibroids) from the uterus
Term
Myometrium
Definition
Muscle layer of the uterus
Term
Neonatal
Definition
Newborn
Term
Neonatology
Definition
Study of newborns
Term
Nullipara
Definition
Nullipara
Term
Obstetrics
Definition
Branch of medicine dealing with the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
Term
Oligomenorrhea
Definition
Scanty menstrual flow
Term
Oocyte
Definition
Immature ovum
Term
Oogenesis
Definition
Formation of ova (egg cells).
Term
Oophorectomy
Definition
Removal of an ovary
Term
Oophoritis
Definition
Inflammation of an ovary.
Term
Orifice
Definition
An opening.
Term
Ovarian
Definition
Pertaining to an ovary
Term
Ovarian carcinoma
Definition
Malignant tumor of the ovary; ovarian adenocarcinoma.
Term
Ovarian cyst
Definition
Sacs of fluid within or on the ovaries.
Term
Ovarian follicle
Definition
Tiny sac in the ovary that contains an egg cell (ovum).
Term
Ovary
Definition
One of two female reproductive organs (gonads) that produce egg cells and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
Term
Ovulation
Definition
Release of an egg cell from an ovary.
Term
Ovum, ova
Definition
Egg cell; plural is ova.
Term
Oxytocia
Definition
Rapid labor and childbirth
Term
Oxytocin
Definition
Secretion of the pituitary gland causing contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulation of milk secretion from the breast.
Term
Palpation
Definition
Process of examining by using hands or fingers on the outside of the body.
Term
Pap smear
Definition
Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix.
Term
Parturition
Definition
Act of giving birth.
Term
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Definition
Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; including salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, and endocervicitis.
Term
Pelvic ultrasonography
Definition
Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off the organs in the pelvic region
Term
Pelvimetry
Definition
Measurement of the dimensions of the female pelvis.
Term
Perineorrhaphy
Definition
Suture of the perineum (following an episiotomy).
Term
Perineum
Definition
Area between the anus and vagina in females and the area between the anus and scrotal sac in males
Term
Pituitary gland
Definition
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
Term
Placenta
Definition
Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy
Term
Placenta previa
Definition
Placental implantation over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterine wall.
Term
Preeclampsia
Definition
Abnormal condition of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema
Term
Pregnancy
Definition
Condition of having a developing embryo and fetus in the body for about 40 weeks; gestation.
Term
Prenatal
Definition
Pertaining to before birth
Term
Primigravida
Definition
A woman during her first pregnancy
Term
Primipara
Definition
A woman who has given birth to her first child.
Term
Primiparous
Definition
Pertaining to a woman who has given birth to her first child
Term
Progesterone
Definition
Hormone secreted by the ovaries; maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy.
Term
Pseudocyesis
Definition
False pregnancy
Term
Puberty
Definition
Period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the ability to reproduce begins.
Term
Pyloric stenosis
Definition
Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum in a newborn.
Term
Pyosalpinx
Definition
Pus in a fallopian tube.
Term
Respiratory distress syndrome
Definition
Abnormal condition in infants when a protein (surfactant) is missing in the lung tissues. Infants have difficult respiratory function; hyaline membrane disease.
Term
Retroversion
Definition
Tipping backward of an organ or a part of the body; as in the uterus.
Term
Salpingectomy
Definition
Removal of a fallopian tube.
Term
Salpingitis
Definition
Inflammation of a fallopian tube.
Term
Tubal ligation
Definition
Tying off of the fallopian tubes to make a woman incapable of reproduction; sterilization of a female
Term
Uterine serosa
Definition
Outermost layer surrounding the uterus.
Term
Uterus
Definition
Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop; womb
Term
Vagina
Definition
Muscular, mucosal tube extending from the uterus (cervix) to the exterior of the body.
Term
Vaginal orifice
Definition
Opening of the vagina to the exterior of the body
Term
Vaginitis
Definition
Inflammation of the vagina
Term
Vulva
Definition
External female genitalia; labia, clitoris and vaginal orifice
Term
Vulvovaginitis
Definition
Inflammation of the vulva and vagina
Term
Zygote
Definition
Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks.
Term
adnexa uteri
Definition
Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments
Term
amenorrhea
Definition
No menstrual flow
Term
amni/o
Definition
amnion
Term
amniocentesis
Definition
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amnion
Term
amnion
Definition
Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
Term
amniotic fluid
Definition
fluid that is contained within the amnionic sac
Term
anovulatory
Definition
Ovulation does not occur; ovum is not released from the ovary.
Term
areola
Definition
Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
Term
cephalic version
Definition
Turning of the head of the fetus toward the cervix
Term
cervic/o
Definition
cervix, neck
Term
cervix
Definition
Lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
Term
chori/o, chorion/o
Definition
chorion
Term
chorionic
Definition
Pertaining to the chorion
Term
clitoris
Definition
Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
Term
coitus
Definition
Sexual intercourse; copulation
Term
colp/o
Definition
vagina
Term
colposcopy
Definition
Visual examination of the vagina
Term
corpus luteum
Definition
Empty ovarian follicle the secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow (luteum) body (corpus)
Term
cul-de-sac
Definition
Region in lower abdomen, midway between rectum and uterus
Term
culd/o
Definition
cul-de-sac
Term
culdocentesis
Definition
Surgical puncture of the cul-de-sac
Term
dys-
Definition
painful
Term
dysmenorrhea
Definition
Pain during menstruation
Term
dyspareunia
Definition
Painful sexual intercourse
Term
dystocia
Definition
Difficult, painful labor and delivery
Term
embryo
Definition
Stage in prenatal development from 2-8 weeks
Term
endo-
Definition
within
Term
endocervicitis
Definition
inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix
Term
endometritis
Definition
Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus
Term
endometritis
Definition
inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus
Term
endometrium
Definition
Inner, mucous membrane lining of uterus
Term
episi/o
Definition
vulva
Term
episiotomy
Definition
Incision of the vulva (perineum)
Term
estrogen
Definition
Hormone produced by ovaries' promotes female secondary sex characteristics
Term
fallopian tube
Definition
One of a pair of ducts through which ovum travels to uterus
Term
fertilization
Definition
union of sperm cell and ovum from which embryo develops
Term
fetus
Definition
Stage in prenatal development from 8-39 or 40 weeks
Term
fibr/o
Definition
fiber
Term
fimbriae (singular: fimbria)
Definition
finger- or fringe-like projections at end of fallopian tubes
Term
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Definition
secreted by pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of egg cell
Term
galact/o
Definition
milk
Term
galactorrhea
Definition
Discharge of milk (abnormal amount)
Term
gamete
Definition
male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
Term
genitalia
Definition
Reproductive organs; also called genitals
Term
gestation
Definition
period from fertilization of ovum to birth
Term
gonad
Definition
female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis
Term
gynec/o
Definition
woman,female
Term
gynecology
Definition
study of female reproductive organs including breasts
Term
gynecomastia
Definition
Condition of female breasts (enlarged) in a male
Term
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Definition
Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
Term
hymen
Definition
mucous membrane partially or completely covering opening to vagina
Term
hyster/o
Definition
uterus, womb
Term
hysterectomy
Definition
Removal of the uterus
Term
hysteroscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the uterus (endoscopic)
Term
in-
Definition
in
Term
intra-
Definition
within
Term
intrauterine device
Definition
Object that is placed within the uterus as a contraceptive device
Term
involution of the uterus
Definition
The uterus returns to its normal nonpregnant size
Term
labia
Definition
lips of vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips
Term
lact/o
Definition
milk
Term
lactation
Definition
Secretion of milk
Term
lactiferous ducts
Definition
tubes that carry milk within breast
Term
leiomy/o
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
leiomyomas
Definition
fibroids; benign tumors composed of fibrous tissue and muscle occuring in the wall of the uterus
Term
leukorrhea
Definition
Discharge of white vaginal secretion, which is normal or a sign of infection if becomes yellow
Term
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Definition
hormone produced by pituitary gland, promotes ovulation
Term
mamm/o
Definition
breast
Term
mammary
Definition
Pertaining to the breast
Term
mammary papilla
Definition
nipple of breast. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection
Term
mammoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of the breast
Term
mast/o
Definition
breast
Term
mastectomy
Definition
Removal of a breast
Term
mastitis
Definition
Inflammation of a breast
Term
men/o
Definition
menses,menstruation
Term
menarche
Definition
beginning of first menstrual period and ability to reproduce
Term
menarche
Definition
Beginning of the first menstrual period
Term
menometrorrhagia
Definition
Excessive uterine bleeding at and between menstrual periods
Term
menopause
Definition
gradual ending of menstruation
Term
menorrhagia
Definition
Excessive discharge of blood during menstruation
Term
menorrhea
Definition
Menstrual discharge
Term
menstruation
Definition
monthly shedding of uterine lining. The flow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called menses (in Latin, menses means months)
Term
metr/o, metri/o
Definition
uterus
Term
metrorrhagia
Definition
Excessive discharge of blood from the uterus (between menstrual periods)
Term
multi-
Definition
many
Term
multigravida
Definition
Woman who has had more than one pregnancy
Term
multipara
Definition
Woman who has had many births (deliveries)
Term
my/o, myom/o
Definition
muscle, muscle tumor
Term
myomectomy
Definition
Removal of a muscle tumor (fibroid)
Term
myometrium
Definition
muscle layer of the uterus
Term
myometrium
Definition
Muscle layer lining the uterus
Term
nat/i
Definition
birth
Term
neonatal
Definition
Pertaining to newborn
Term
neonatology
Definition
branch of medicine that studies disorders and care of newborn (neonate)
Term
nulli-
Definition
no, not, none
Term
nulligravida
Definition
Woman who has not had any pregnancies
Term
nullipara
Definition
Woman who has not had any vaginal births
Term
o/o
Definition
egg
Term
obstetr/o
Definition
pregnancy and childbirth
Term
obstetrics
Definition
branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
Term
obstetrics
Definition
Field of medicine dealing with pregnancy and delivery of the newborn
Term
oligomenorrhea
Definition
Scanty menstrual flow
Term
oocyte
Definition
Immature ovum
Term
oogenesis
Definition
Production of eggs (egg cells)
Term
oophor/o
Definition
ovary
Term
oophorectomy
Definition
Removal of an ovary
Term
oophoritis
Definition
Inflammation of an ovary
Term
orifice
Definition
an opening
Term
ov/o
Definition
egg
Term
ovari/o
Definition
ovary
Term
ovarian
Definition
Pertaining to an ovary
Term
ovarian follicle
Definition
developing sac enclosing each ovum with ovary. Only about 400 sacs mature in a woman's lifetime
Term
ovary
Definition
one of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones
Term
ovul/o
Definition
egg
Term
ovulation
Definition
release of the ovum from the ovary
Term
ovum
Definition
An egg cell
Term
ovum (plural: ova)
Definition
Mature egg cell (female gamete). Ova develops from immature egg cells called oocytes
Term
oxytocia
Definition
Rapid labor and delivery
Term
parturition
Definition
act of giving birth
Term
perine/o
Definition
perineum
Term
perineorrhaphy
Definition
Suture of the perineum
Term
perineum
Definition
in females, the area between anus and vagina
Term
phor/o
Definition
to bear
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
endocrine gland at base of brain. It produces hormones to stimulate overies
Term
placenta
Definition
vascular organ that develops in uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodsteams
Term
pre-
Definition
before
Term
pregnancy
Definition
condition in female of having developing embryo and fetus in her uterus
Term
prenatal
Definition
Pertaining to before birth
Term
primi-
Definition
first
Term
primigravida
Definition
Woman who is in her first pregnancy
Term
primipara
Definition
Woman who has had or is giving birth to her first child
Term
primiparous
Definition
Pertaining to a woman who has delivered her first child
Term
progesterone
Definition
hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant woman
Term
pseudocyesis
Definition
False pregnancy
Term
puberty
Definition
point in life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
Term
pyosalpinx
Definition
Pus in the fallopian tube
Term
pyosalpinx
Definition
pus in fallopian tube
Term
retro-
Definition
backward
Term
retroversion
Definition
The uterus is abnormally turned backward
Term
salping/o
Definition
fallopian tubes
Term
salpingectomy
Definition
Removal of the fallopian (uterine) tube
Term
surgical repair of breast
Definition
mammoplasty
Term
uter/o
Definition
uterus
Term
uterine prolapse
Definition
Sagging or falling of the uterus into the vagina
Term
uterine serosa
Definition
outermost layer surrounding the uterus
Term
uterus
Definition
hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. the upper portion is the fundus; middle portion is the corpus, lowermost neck-like portion is cervix
Term
vagin/o
Definition
vagina
Term
vagina
Definition
muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from uterus to the exterior of the body
Term
vaginal orifice
Definition
Opening of the vagina to the outside of the body
Term
vaginitis
Definition
Inflammation of the vagina
Term
vulv/o
Definition
vulva
Term
vulva
Definition
external female genitalia; includes labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orfice
Term
vulvovaginitis
Definition
Inflammation of the vagina and vulva
Term
zygote
Definition
stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks
Term
graffian follicle
Definition
A mature ovarian follicle in which the oocyte attains its full size and the surrounding follicular cells are permeated by one or more fluid-filled cavities. Also called secondary follicle, vesicular ovarian follicle.
Term
Days 1-5 Menstrual Period
Definition
Day 5 the brain tells the hypothalamus to send gonadotropin hormone to the pituitary gland. The pituitary sends FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) to the ovary which causes the egg to begin developing in the ovary. The FSH also stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen. Days 6 - 13 Postmenstrual Period
Lining of the uterus begins to repair itself. Estrogen is released by the maturing graafian follicle. This is a period of growth of the ovum. This is called the follicular phase.
Term
Days 13 - 14 Ovulatory Period
Definition
Estrogen from the dominant follicle has reached its peak. It can be 6 times what it was on day one and stays at this level for approximately 48 hours. The graafian follicle ruptures (ovulation). The egg leaves the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube.
Term
Days 15-28 Premenstrual Period
Definition
The graafian follicle fills with a yellow substance (fatty) and is now called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum functions as an endocrine organ and secretes estrogen and progesterone into the bloodstream. These hormones help to build up the lining of the uterus in case there is a pregnancy. This is known as the luteal phase. If there is no pregnancy, after 14 days the corpus luteum stops producing progesterone and estrogen. When the level of progesterone and estrogen falls, this leads to the breakdown of the endometrium and a new menstrual cycle begins. Estrogen and progesterone have dropped dramatically. The endometrium responds to the corpus luteum ceasing to function by releasing a chemical called prostaglandins just before the period begins (accounts for nausea, cramping, backaches). Prostaglandins also plays a part in PMS.
Term
If pregnancy occurs:
Definition
The fertilized egg travels to the uterus and implants in the uterine endometrium. The corpus luteum continues to produce estrogen and progesterone which helps to support development of the uterine lining.
Term
neonatology
Definition
study of treatment of newborn children.
Term
eutocia
Definition
normal delivery
Term
bradytocia
Definition
slow labor and/or deliver
Term
If pregnancy occurs:
Definition
The placenta forms within the uterine wall. The placenta is the organ of communication between the mother and child. The placenta has its own hormone called the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone. HCG causes the corpus luteum to produce hormones. During the third month of pregnancy, the corpus luteum stops producing hormones and the placenta takes over.
Term
If pregnancy occurs:
Definition
The chorion is the outer membrane around the embryo. The amnion is the innermost of the embryonic membranes, which holds the fetus suspended in the amniotic cavity. The fluid is called the amniotic fluid. Nutrients, oxygen and waste products are exchanged.
Term
para II
Definition
women having given birth to 2 live infants
Term
grava III:
Definition
woman who has had 3 pregnancies
Term
cauterization
Definition
burning to seal tissue.
Term
SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS OF PMS
Definition
· Loss of emotional control
· Out of control Anxiety
· Unable to hold back tears
· Forgetfulness
· Depression
· Decreased concentration
· Confusion
· Loss of self esteem
· Withdrawal
· Aggression
· Depression
· Angry outbursts
· Nightmares
· Food cravings
· Mood swings
· Psychosexual aberrations
· Hostility, irritability
· Antisocial Behavior
· Loss of self-confidence
· Neuroticism
· Nervousness
Term
SOME PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF PMS
Definition
· Headaches, migraines
· Joint and Muscle aches and swelling
· Food cravings, increased appetite, thirst, sugar cravings
· Decreased alcohol tolerance
· Clumsiness
· Changes in sex drive
· Constipation, diarrhea
· Sweating, shakiness, dizziness, fainting
· Hoarseness, sore throat
· Cystitis, urethritis, less frequent urination
· Abdominal bloating, weight gain
· Acne, boils, hives, allergies
· Breast tenderness and swelling
· Gastrointestinal upset
· Insomnia
· Backaches
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