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| nonreactive measures of the residue of the activity of people or what they leave behind. |
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| the written notes a qualitative reseacher takes during data collection and afterwards to develop concepts, themes, or preliminary generalizations. |
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| a technique in field research in which reserachers maintain relations in a field site by pretending to be interested and excited by the activities of those studied, even though they are uninterested and bored. |
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| a technique in field research in which researchers study a field site by mentally adjusting to "see" it for the first time or as an outsider. |
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| display of quatitative data for one variable in the form of rectangles where longer rectangles indicate more cases in a variable category. usually used with discrete data and little spaces between rectangles. |
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| statistical measures that involve two variables only |
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| the center part of a contingency table. it contains all the cells, but not the totals or labels |
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| a part of the body of a table. in a contingency table, it shows the distribution of cases into categories of variables as a specific number or percentage. |
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| paper with a printed grid on which a researcher records information so that it can be easily entered into a computer. it is an alternative to direct entry method and using optical scan sheets. |
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| a document that describes the procedure for coding variables and their location in a format for computers |
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| process of converting raw info or data into another form for analysis. |
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| coding (content analysis) |
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| a means for determining how to convert symbolic meanings in text into another form(usually numbers) |
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| coding (quantative data analysis) |
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| a means for assigning numbers |
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| coding (qualatative data analysis) |
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Definition
| a series of steps for reading raw notes and assigning codes or conceptual terms |
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| a set of instructions or rules used in content analysis to explain how to systematically convert the symbolic content from text into quantative data |
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| research in which one examines patterns of symbolic meaning within written text, audio, visual, or other communications medium. |
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| cleaning data using a computer in which the researcher looks a tthe combination of categories for two variables for logically impossible cases |
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| a table that shows the crosstabulation of two or more variables. it usually shows bivariate quatative data for variables in the form of percentages across rows or down columns for the categories of one variable. |
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| a type of interveiw question asked late in field research in which the reseracher verifies the correctness of distinctions found among categories in the meaning system of people being studied. |
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| a "third" variable that shows whether a bivariate relationship holds up to alternative explanations. it can occur before or between other variables. |
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| the idea that two variables vary together, such taht knowing the values in one variable provides info about values found in another variable |
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| placing data for two variables in a contingency table to show the number or percentage of cases at the intersection of categories of the two variables |
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| a relationship between two variables such that as the values of one variable increase, the values of the second show a changing pattern (first decrease then increase then decrease). IT IS NOT A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP |
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| a type of question asked early in field research. the researcher seeks basic info (who, what, when) about the field site. |
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| a general type of simple statistics used by reserachers to describe basic patterns in the data |
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| a method of entering data into a computer by typing data without code or optical scan sheets |
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| notes taken in field reserach taht attempt to include all details and specifics of what the reseracher head or saw in a field site. they are written in a way that permits multiple interpretations later |
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| a way to demonstrate the authenticity and trustworhiness of a field reserach study by showing that the reserachers descriptiosn of the field site matches those of the members from teh site and that the researcher was not a major disturbance. |
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Definition
| a system for discribing patterns evident among tables when a bivariate contingency table is compared with partials after the control variable has been added. |
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Definition
| nonreactive measures of the wear or deterioratoin on surfaces due to the activity of people |
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| when a field reseracher what is observed at face value. fails to question what memebers of a field site say and only focuses on the immediate concrete details of a setting while ignoring larger social forces. |
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| an approach to field reserach that emphasizes providing a very detailed description of a different culutre from the viewpoint of an insider in taht culture in order to permit a greater understanding of it |
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| an approach to social science that combines philosphy, social theory, and method to study |
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| a pattern in the elaboration paradigm in which the bivariate contingency table shows a relationship, but the partials show no relationship and the control variable occurs prior to the independent variable |
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Definition
| a way to achieve reliability of data in field reserach inw which the researcher cross checks and verifies qualittative data using multiple sourcs of information |
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| fallacy of misplaced concreteness |
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Definition
| when a person uses too many digits ina quantative measure in an attempt to create the impression that the data are accurate or the researcher is highly capable. |
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| answers given in an open discussion among the group members |
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Definition
| a table that shows the distribution of cases into the categories of one variable (the number or percent of cases in each cateogry) |
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Definition
| a graph of connected points showing the distributoin of how many cases fall into each category of a variable |
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Term
| general social survey (GSS) |
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Definition
| a survey or a random sample of about 1500 us adults that has been conducted in most years between 1972 and the present and is available for many researchers to analyze |
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| what happens when a reseracher gets overly involved and loses all distance or objectivity and becomes like the people being studied |
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Definition
| when a researcher learns of illegal, unethical, or immoral actions by the people in field site that is not widely known |
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| the absense of a statistical relatiionship between two variables (when knowing the values on one variable provides no information about the values that will be foudn on another varaible |
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Definition
| a way to achieve reliabiltiy of data in field reserach in which a reseracher examines the data for plausability and sees whether tehy forma coherent picture, given all that is known about a person or event, trying to avoid common forms of deception |
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Definition
| a patterin in the elaboration paradigm in which the bivariate contingency table shows a relationship, but the partials show no relationship and the control variable is intervening in the causal explanation |
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Definition
| a type of content analysis coding in which a reseracher identifies subjective meaning such as general themes or motifs in a communication medium |
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| level of statistical significance |
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Definition
| a set of numbers researchers use as a simpel way to measure the degree to which a statistical relationship results from random factors other rahter than the existence of a true relationship among variables |
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Definition
| an association between two variables that is positive or negative across the attributes or levels of the variables. when plotted in a scattergram, the basic pattern of the association forms a straight line, |
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| the totals in a contingency table, outside the body of a table |
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Definition
| a way to demonstate the authenticity and trustworthiness of a field reserach study by having the people who were studied (members) read and confirm as being true that which the researcher has reported |
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| the principle that researchers should examine events as tehy occur in natural, everyday ongoing social settings |
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| measures in which people being studied are unaware that tehy are in a study |
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| normalize social research |
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| techniques in field research used by reserachers to make the people being studied feel more comfortable with the research process and to help them accept the researchers presence |
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Definition
| in contingency tables for three variables, tables that show the association between the independent and dependent variables for each category of a control variable |
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Definition
| a measure of dispersion for one variable that indicates the percentage of cases at or below a score or point |
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Definition
| cleaning data using a computer in which the researcher looks for responses or answer cateogories that cant have cases |
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Definition
| pages on which a reseracher wirte down what is coded in content analysis |
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Definition
| a pattern in the elaboration paradigm in which the partials show the same relsationship as in a bivariate contingency table of the independent and dependant variable alone |
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Definition
| a diagram to display the statistical relationship between two varables based on plotting each cases values for both of the varaiables |
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Definition
| a pattern in the elaboration paradigm in which the bivariate contingency table shows a relationship. one of the partial tables shows the relationship, but other tables do not. |
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Definition
| a measure of dispersion for one variable that indicates an average distance between teh scores and the mean. |
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| statistical abstract of the US |
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Definition
| A us government publication that appears annually and contains an extensive compliation of statistical tables and info |
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Definition
| a way to discuss the likelihood that a finding or statistical relationship in a sample is due to the random factors rather than due to the existenceof an actual relationship in the entire population |
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Definition
| a type of quesiton in field research interviews in which the reseracher attempts to verify the correctness of placing terms or events into the categories of the meaning system ysed by people being studied. |
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Definition
| a method of watching waht is happening in a social setting that is highly organized and that follows systematic rules for observation and documentation. |
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| suppressor variable pattern |
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Definition
| a pattern in the elaboration paradigm in which no relationship appears in a bivariate contingency table, but the partials show a relaionship between the variables. |
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Definition
| a general name for symbolic meaning within a communication medium measured in content analysis. |
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Definition
| The logical error of falsely rejecting the null hypthesis |
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Definition
| the logical error of falsely accepting the null hypthesis |
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Definition
| statistical measures that deal with one variable only |
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| another name for nonreactive meansures. it emphasizes that the people being studied are not aware of it because the measures dont intrude. |
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| a way to locate as core in a distribution of scores by determining the number of standard deviations it is above or below the mean or average. |
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