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| Demokritos of Abdera and Leucippos |
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| Used the term atomos, which later became atoms. |
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| First "chemist" to perform truly quantitative experiments, measuring the pressure of air and its relationship to its volume. |
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| Invented the term phlogiston, which was thought to flow from burning materials |
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| Determined that oxygen fueled the combustion of materials and was originally called "dephlogisticated air" |
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| Worked with exact measurements of gases, and explained the true nature of combustion. Verified the Law of conservation of mass. Named oxygen. |
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| Determined that a given compound always contained exactly the same proportions of elements by mass. First known as Proust's Law but later called law of definite proportions. |
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| Determined the law of multiple proportions, by comparing the mass amounts of an element in different compounds with the same element. e.i. CO CO2. |
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| Theory that stated that: 1) each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms 2) Atoms of a given element are identitical, different elements are fundamentally different |
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| 3) Compunds are formed when atoms of diff. elements combine, a given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms. 4) Chemical reactions involve reorganization of atoms, changes way they bond not atoms themselves. |
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| Helped determine the key to absolute formulas by combining specific volumes of two gases like hydrogen and oxygen or hydrogen and chlorine. Found that 2 volumes of hydrogen + 1 volume of oxygen yielded to volumes of gaseous water. |
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| Created the hypothesis that suggested that equal volumes of differnt gases contain that same number of particles. This hypothesis assumed that the distances between the particles in a gas were very great compared to that of their size |
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