Term
| the intesive care conept was introduced to the care of all newborns for the |
|
Definition
| immediate neonatal period |
|
|
Term
| the three phases of the neonatal period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tachycardia (gradually lowering to normal)
iregular respirations,
rales may be present,
newborn is alert, frequent moro reflex, trmors, crying, increased motor activity
hypoactive bowel sounds,
sucking reflex is present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreased motor activity
rapid respirations,
normal heart rate for term newborn
audible bowel sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abrupt brief changes in color and muscle tone,
presence of oral mucus,
responsiveness to external stimuli
newborn stabilizes, begins suck swoallow coordination and is ready for regular feedings |
|
|
Term
| the temp of the term newborn is |
|
Definition
| 36 to 36.5C (96.8 to 97.7F) |
|
|
Term
| hypothermia can cause other problems such as |
|
Definition
| hypoglycemia, resp distress |
|
|
Term
| the newborn useses _ to generate heat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can be both the cause and the result of hypothermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can also require more glucose for the increased work of breathing causing hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heat is lossed by four means |
|
Definition
| evaporation, conduction, convection, radiation |
|
|
Term
| caused by direct skin contact with a cold surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caused by being near a cold surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can also be used to add heat to the body |
|
Definition
| conduction, convection, and radiation |
|
|
Term
| the first bath of the newborn is delayed until the body temp is stabilized at |
|
Definition
| 36.5 to 37C (97.7 to 98.6F) |
|
|
Term
| the temperature of newborn should be recorded _ after bath and _ after transfer to an open crib |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| newborns may not urinate for as long as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occasionally a newborn may not void for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _ should be passed before discarge for assurance of patent gastrointestinal tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characteristics of preterm newborn |
|
Definition
| the skin is thin and somewhat transparent, cheesy substance convering most of the skin surface, kin heavily covered with fine lanugo, the ears spring back slowly when folded back, there is no or minimal breast tissue under th enipple, the scrotum is smooth and small, the labia major and minor are equal in size, the sole creases on the anterior third of the foot only |
|
|
Term
| indicates that meconium was passed before birth, which may indicate that the newborn is postterm or had poor placental support |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dark skinned newborns often have more _ than light skinned ones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _ can stick the ear in place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| peeling skin may be obvious on the feet in |
|
Definition
| postterm or IUGR newborns |
|
|
Term
| a small puncture wound is usually apparent on the scalp if an _ was used for fetal monitoring |
|
Definition
| internal spiral electrode |
|
|
Term
| if the newborn was born vaginally in breech presentation, the _ may be bruised |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| new born vitals are measured at _ intervals at first, then _ and every _ after the newborn is stable |
|
Definition
| 15 to 30 min, hourly, 4 to 8 hrs |
|
|
Term
| the normal resp rate for nromal newborn infants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the normal heart rate for newborn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thermometer skin pprbe should not be placed over _ or areas where _ is expected to be found |
|
Definition
| bony prominences, brown fat |
|
|
Term
| normal range of BP for new born |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three typical measurments of the newborn |
|
Definition
| length, head circumference, chest circumference |
|
|
Term
| the fullest part of the newborns head is measured just above the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chest circumference is measured at the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| delayed cord clamping in the newborn for _ after birth provides for a better newborn outcome due to increased iron stores provided to the newborn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the brain is totally dependent on a steady supply of glucose for its |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in healthy newborns blood glucose levels fall after birth and stabilize at _ by 1 to 2 hrs after birth and then rise to _ by 3 hours of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a blood glucose lower than _, 2 hours after birth is considered to be hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infants with low blood glucose after 3 to 4 days should be evaluated for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some newborns at risk for low blood glucose after birht include |
|
Definition
| preterm and posterm, small for gestational age and large for gestational age, newborns of diabetic moterhs, and any newborn who is stressed because of hypoxia |
|
|
Term
| signs of hypoglycemia in the newborn include |
|
Definition
| jitteriness, poor muscle tone, sweating, respiratory difficulty, low temp, poor suck, high-pitched cry, letargy, sezuires |
|
|
Term
| a test that is mandatory for infants in all states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other tests for newborns may include those for: |
|
Definition
| hypothyrodism, glactosemia, sickle cell disease, thallassemia, maple syrup urine disease and congenital hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| refers to a strong emotional tie that forms soon after birth between the parents and the newborn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an affectionate tie that occurs through time as the newborn and caregivers interact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bonding actually begins during _ as the fetus moves and shows individual characteristics on sonograms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excess erythrocyes are broken down after _ which releases _ into the bloodstream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high levels of bilirubin cause yellow _ starting at the _ and progressing _ on the body |
|
Definition
| skin color, head, downward |
|
|
Term
| extremely high levels of bilirubin can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parent teaching of newborn care includes the following: |
|
Definition
maintenance of an open airway by positioning and use of a bulb syringe
temp maintenance and assessment after discarge
expected increase in the number of voidings
changes in the stools
feeding
signs of illness to report
follow up appointments for well baby care |
|
|
Term
| breastfeeding advantages for newborn |
|
Definition
breast milk contains full range of nutrients that the newborn needs,
easily digested
does not cause allergies
provides natural immunity
promotes elimination of meconium
suckling at the breast promotes mouth development
convenient and economical
eliminates risks of contaminated water supply or improper dilution
newborn suckling promotes a return of the uterus to its prepregnant state
breastfeeding may play a significant role in improving brain development
milk production uses maternal fat stores which facilitates weight loss
enhances a close mother child relationship
may reduce the occurence of childhood respiratory disorderws |
|
|
Term
| colostrum is particularly high in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| breastfed newborns are rarely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the only infections that are absolute contraindications to breastfeeding are those caused by the |
|
Definition
| HIV, and the human T-cel lymphotrophic viruses (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) |
|
|
Term
| mothers who have active pulmonary tuberculosis can feed their babies breast milk because the milk does not contain the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drugs that should not be given to nursing mothers when safe substitutes are available include: |
|
Definition
| cytotoxic drugs such as cyclosporine and methotrexat, drugs of abuse, and radioactive compounds |
|
|
Term
| some _ may cause adverse effects in the infant |
|
Definition
| psychotropic drugs and antiznxiety drugs |
|
|
Term
| _ which are often used to treat migraine headaches are contraindicated while breastfeeding |
|
Definition
| bromocriptine and ergotamine |
|
|
Term
| nursing mothers should continue to avoid: |
|
Definition
| fish containing high levels of mercury |
|
|
Term
| _ are all considered generally safe during lactations |
|
Definition
| narcotics, sedatives, anticonvulsives, antihistamines, decongestants, antihypertensives, antimicrobials, conffe intake |
|
|
Term
| _ in the infant is a contraindication to breastfeeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hormones that have a major role in the production and expulsion of breast milk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from the anterio pituitary gland, causes the production of breast milk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from the posterior pituitary gland, causes the milk to be delivered ffom the alveoli through the duct system to the nipple |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prolactin secretion increases as milk is _, thus stimulating further milk production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the composition of milk changes slight from the beinning of a feeding until the end of that feeding: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first milk the newborn obtains, it is watery and quenches the newborns thirs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the later milk that has a higher fat content |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hindmilk helps satisfy the newborn's: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| feedings that are too short do not allow the newborn to obtain the _ |
|
Definition
| hunger satsifying hindmilk |
|
|
Term
| milk production changes after birth in three phases |
|
Definition
| colostrum, transitional and mature milk |
|
|
Term
| late in the pregnancy and for the first few days after birth _ is secreted by the breasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein, vitamins a and e, and essential minerals |
|
|
Term
| colostrum is lower in _ than milk, it has a _ affect which aids in eliminating meconium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transitional milk emerges approx _ after bith |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transitional milk has fewer _ but has increased _ |
|
Definition
| immunoglobulins and proteins. lactose, fat and calorie content |
|
|
Term
| mature milk is secreted by _ days after birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mature human breast milk has a _ color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| advantages of the first nursing session |
|
Definition
| promotes mother-newborn bonding, maintains newborn temp, newborn suclking stimulates oxytocin release to contract the mother's uterus and control bleeding |
|
|
Term
| breastfeeding should not be delayed beyond _ after delivery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _ hold is good for mothers who plan to breast feed with a cesarean section |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when breastfeeding the nipple should be _ to the nose of the newborn, with the nipple aimed to the _ of the newborn's mouth so that the _ jaw latches on first |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when breastfeeding the mother should hold her breast in a _ whith the thumb _ the nipple and the fingers _ it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mother is taught to allow the newborn to become alert and hungry but not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the term that specifically relates to giving or taking nourishment at the breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after _ the newborn generally swallows with every _ at the beginning of breastfeeding, taking in approx _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a soft _ sound indicates that the newborn is swallowing milk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usually indicates improper mouth position |
|
Definition
| noisy sucking/smacking sounds or dimpling of the the cheek |
|
|
Term
| _ sucking motions indicate nonnutritive suckling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs that breastfeeding is successful |
|
Definition
- breast feels firm before feedings and softer after
- let down reflex occurs
- newborn nurses at the breast for 10 to 15 min per breast 8 to 10 times a day
- an audible swallow is heard as the newborn sucks
- newborn demands feeding and appears relaxed after feeding
- newborn passes stool several times a day
- newborn has six to eight wet diapers per day
|
|
|
Term
| can inhibit the let down reflex and are the most common reasons for breast-feeding problems: |
|
Definition
| pain, anxiety and insecurity |
|
|
Term
| breast-fed newborns usually nurse every _ during the early weeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usually a late sign of hunger |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the total duration of early feedings hould be at least _ minutes per breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a tingling sensation with milk dripping from breasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mother should begin the next nursing session using the brest that was not used _ in the previous session |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to be recognized as a baby friendly hospital, a hospital must meet the following criteria |
|
Definition
- the hospital must have a written breast feeding policy and must teach r/t skills to staff
- parents are educated concerning the values and techniques of breastfeeding before and after delivery
- breastfeeding is initiated in the delivery room ore is maintained if the mother and newborn are separated
- the nwborn is fed only breast milk and feeding on demand is encourage
- mother and newborn room in 24 hours a day. no pacifiers or artificial nipples are used
- formula samples are not distrubted at discharge and referral to support groups is offered
|
|
|
Term
| _ should not be offered to the healthy newborn who is breastfeeding |
|
Definition
| supplemental feedings of formula or water |
|
|
Term
| _ applications between feedings and _ just before feedings may help to reduce discomfort and engorgement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mother should not used _ on her breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pumping should last approx _ minutes on each breast and should be done about _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| daily milk production after breast feeding is established should be approx _ in a 24 hr period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clear hard plastiv bottles are made of _ and are considered safe fore _ milk |
|
Definition
| polycarbonate, storing and freezing |
|
|
Term
| any plastic material used for infants should be labeled as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| milk can be thawed in the refrigerator for _ or by holding the container under _ or placing it in a container of _ while _ the bottle often |
|
Definition
| 24 hrs, running lukewarm water, lukewarm water, rotating |
|
|
Term
| microwaving breast milk is not advised because it destroys some _ contained in the milk and can cause _ to develop because of uneven heating |
|
Definition
| immune factors and lysozyme, hot spots |
|
|
Term
| breast milk can be stored at room temperature for _ in a tightly capped containr or in the back of the refrigerator for up to _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| breast milk can be stored in the freezer for up to _, or in a deep freezer for up to _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thawed breast milk should not be stored in the refrigerator no longer than _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mother needs approx _ additional calories each day beyond what her non prenant diet provided |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the nursing mother should choose foods from each of these food groups in the myplate food guide |
|
Definition
meat, fish, pultry, eggs, beans and nuts
milk and other dairy products,
vegetables
fruits
bread, cereals and grains |
|
|
Term
| women who are lactating need a _ increase of _, double the prepregnancy needs of _, and a _ increas of calcium and _ |
|
Definition
| 20 to 30%, vitamins and minerals, folic acid, 40 to 50%, phosphorus |
|
|
Term
| Increased needs for vitamins and minerals are easily attainable by adding: |
|
Definition
2 cups of milk
2 ounces of meat or peanut butter
a slice of whole wheat bread
a citrus fruit
a salad with 1/2 cup of dark green or yellow vegetables |
|
|
Term
| about _ of uncaffeinated fluid is needed each day to replace the fluid lost to breastfeeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| women with lactose intolerance may use substitues such as _ as substitute for milk products |
|
Definition
| tofus, soy milk, canned salmon with bones |
|
|
Term
| foods that often cause gas problems in the newborn are: |
|
Definition
| chocolate, cabbage, beans and broccoli |
|
|
Term
| tips the nurse can teach mothers when they want to wean their newborns |
|
Definition
- eliminate one feeding at a time, wait severla days and eliminate another one
- omit daytime feedings first starting with the one in which the newborn is least interested
- eliminate the newborn's favorite feeding last
- expect the newborn to need comfort nursing if he or she is tired, ill or uncomfortable
- If the mother must wean abruptly for some reason breast engorgement is likely to occur
|
|
|
Term
| tips to relieve engorgement |
|
Definition
| a supportive bra, ice packs, analgesics, cabbage leaves applied to the breast |
|
|
Term
| before the first formula feeding, most hospitals have a policy of offfering _ to the newborn to assure patency of the gastrointestinal tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common formulas are available in three forms |
|
Definition
ready to feed
concentrated liquid,
powdered |
|
|
Term
| hemorrhage, infection and thrombosis are the most common complications so the mother should report: |
|
Definition
- fever higher than 38C (100.4)
- persistent lochia rubra or lochia that has a foul odor
- bright red bleeding, particularly if the lochia has changed to serosa or alba
- prologned afterpains, pelvic or abdominal pain, or constant backache
- signs of a urinary tract infection
- localized breast tenderness or redness
- discharge pain, redness, or separation of any suture line
- prolonged and pervasive feelings of depression or being let down, generally not enjoying life
|
|
|
Term
| ready ot feed formulas require no |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most formula fed infants initially about every |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| microwaving infant formula is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| may cause the infant to aspirate formula and is associated with dental cares and ear infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most health care providers want to see postpartum women _ after birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at the _ appointment the healing of the mother's perinuem or _ is assessed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at the _ appointment the mother's general health and recuperation from birth are assessed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| coitus should be avoided until |
|
Definition
| episiotomy is fully healed and lochia flow has stopped |
|
|
Term
| having sexual relations earlier can lead to |
|
Definition
| infection, trauma and/or unintended pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| discharge planning for the newborn begins at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the neborn is dicharged before _ of age, the AAP recommends that a follow up visit be scheduled within _ of discharge to assess the newborn for jaundice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bilirubin level usually peaks between |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| newborns are usually seen again at _ after birth to begin well baby care |
|
Definition
|
|
