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Fallacies
Informal Fallacies
17
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/11/2012

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Cards

Term
Hasty Generalization, define and premise
Definition
Insufficient Premise. Jumping to conclusions, one action taints all.
"Pedro crossed the border illegally, all Mexicans cross illegally."
Insufficient Premises
Term
Division
Definition
What is true for the whole is true for the parts.irrelevant
Term
Composition
Definition
What is true for the parts is true for the whole.irrelevant
Term
Slippery Slope, what type of premise and how is it defined.
Definition

Allowing an action to happen causes another action.

"Evolution leads to crime and disorder."

Insufficient Premises
Term
Faulty Analogy, what type of premise and how is it defined.
Definition
Two things that resemble one another.
"The Earth has air, water and living organisms. Mars has air and water. Therefore Mars has living organisms."
Insufficient Premises
Term
False cause, premise and def.
Definition
Two events are casually connnected when they aren't.
Insufficient Premises.
Term
Begging the question
Definition
Unacceptable premise, talk in circles.
Term
False dilemma
Definition
Unacceptable premise, assumes only two alternatives exist when there are more.
Term
Appeal to Person
Definition
Irrelevant premise-attack credibility, unrelated
Term
Appeal to Ignorance
Definition
Ignorance is not an excuse, irrelevant
Term
Straw Man
Definition
Reword a claim then tear it down, irrelevant
Term
Appeal to Fear
Definition
threat or harm to gain their back up
irrelevant
Term
Equivocation
Definition
Switch the meaning of two words. irrelevant
Term
Genetic Fallacy
Definition
A claim is true or false based on it's origin.
"Because they got it from here, it must be true/false." Irrelevant.
Term
Appeal to Authority
Definition
Citing an expert in response. Irrelevant.
Term
Appeal to Tradition
Definition
Right because it's been around so long.
Irrelevant
Term
Appeal to the Masses
Definition
Right because it's so popular. Irrelevant.
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