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| Reasoned predicting casual correlation among multiple phenomena among multiple-educated Guess |
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| Some Kind of claim or belief |
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| Study of Living organisms, and studies of Animals |
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| two homologous dyids are held together by one or more Chiasmata (Where they have crossed over) and the synaptonel |
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| Chromotids seperate, sister chromatids from each chromosome seperate. |
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| The homologs in each chromosome pair seperate from each other. One homolog goes to one daughter cell-the other homolog goes to the other daughter cell, the outcome is reduction of chromosome number. |
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| A particular version of a gene |
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| Physical and physiological traits of an individual which are determined its genetic makeup |
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| All the alleles of every gene present in a given individual. May specifically to the alleles of a particular set of genes under study. |
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| Having two identical alleles of a particular gene |
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| Having Two different alleles of a certain gene |
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| Reffering to an allele that determines the phenotype of a heterozygous individual compared with recessive |
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| Reffering to an allele who's phenotypic effect is observed only in homozygous individuals. |
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| Species change over time never just remain the same. |
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| Cell that fuses with another during fertilzation in organisms that reproduce sexually. Which is divided in Meiosis. |
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| Genetics, having a pair of each type of chromosome number is doubled. |
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| Having a single set of chromosomes |
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| Two daughter stands of a replicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and seperate during cell division |
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| Consist of species that interact with each other within a particular area. |
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| Consists of all the organisms in a particular region along with non living components |
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| Non-living ( air,water,and soil) |
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| Study how and why the number of individuals in a population changes over time |
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| DNA proteins to create Protein-DNA |
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| Most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome , to which the spindle fiber it attached during meiosis |
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| Any of cells plant or animal except reproductive cells. |
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| designated X or Y in the germ cells of most animals and some plant cells, they combine to determine the sex and sex-linked characteristics of an individual XX= Female and XY- Male |
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| In a diploid organism ,chromosomes that are similar in size ,shape and gene content |
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| The relative ability of an individual to produce viable off spring compared with other individuals of approximately equal size |
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| Any heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual with that trait, compared with individuals with out that trait in a particular enviorment |
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| A pattern of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes at both ends of the range of phenotype variation |
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| Pattern that favors Phenotypes near the Middle of the range of phenotype variation |
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| Favors one extreme phenotype with the result that the average phenotype of population changes in one direction |
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| Favors one extreme phenotype with the result that the average phenotype of population changes in one direction |
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| Occurs even through gene flow is possible -is rare or non existant |
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| Physical Splitting of habitat |
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| Consist of all the organisms in a particular area along with physical components components of the enviorment |
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| Four components of Ecosystem |
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1. Abiotic enviorment 2.Primary producers
3. Consumers 4. Decomposers |
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| Primary producers meaning an organsim that can synthesize its own food form inorganic sources |
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| Consumers that eat plants |
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| AKA detritvores , obtain energy by feeding on the dead remains of other organisms or waste products |
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| Organisms that obtain their energy from the same type of source |
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| Connects the trophic levels . How energy moves from one trophic level to the next |
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| Experiments shown that, in some cases the structure of an entire community can change dramatically if single species of predator or herbivore is removed from a community or added to it. |
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| Remove all or most of the organisms from an area - the recovery that follows is called sucession |
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| When disturbances removes the soil and its organisms that live above |
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| When disturbances removes the soil its organism that live above |
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| When disturbances removes some or all of the organisms from area but leaves soil interact |
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| When disturbances removes some or all of the organisms from area but leaves soil interact |
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| Is any event that removes some individuals or Biomass from community |
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| 1. Type of disturbance 2. frequency 3. Its severity |
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