Any force in excess of the adaptive capacity of the periodontium.

 Parafunction means abnormal function such as bruxism.

Bruxism: is a habit of grinding, clenching, or clamping the teeth.

The forces generated may damage both tooth and attachment apparatus.

Forces that are vertical= clenching.

Forces that are horizontal = grinding.

      Happens within the PDL.

                                                               i.      Ligament is either crushed due to pressure.

                                                             ii.      Or torn because it is under tension.

 To understand what happens to the bone during traumatic occlusion.

a.       Resorbtion of nearby alveolar bone also occurs as an outcome of the inflammation.

b.      Osteoclastic cell stimulation.

c.       The degree of resorption will depend upon the amount of force acting on the teeth and the adaptive capacity of the periodontium.

  Define primary occlusal trauma.

1.)    To define primary occlusal trauma.

a.       is the injury resulting in tissue changes from excessive occlusal forces to the teeth with a healthy, anatomically normal, periodontium in a systemically well patient

 To define secondary occlusal trauma.

  Injury resulting in tissue changes from normal or excessive occlusal forces to a tooth or teeth with reduced support.

How does the etiology of periodontal disease and occlusal trauma is different.

a.       Both cause inflammation and both can cause attachment loss.

b.      The cause = two separate processes.

                                                               i.      Periodontal disease = inflammation caused by bacteria and a host response.

                                                             ii.      Occlusal trauma = inflammation due to forces damaging the PDL

  Perio disease + occlusal trauma = A tooth that is already weakened by disease will respond in a negative way if subjected to occlusal trauma.

 Explain which causative factor is present in determining  periodontal disease

1. Often pain free
2. If painful – due to inflammation
3. Caused by reduction of the periodontal attachment due to an inflammatory host response to a bacterial component.
4. Might be seen due to decrease in periodontal support
5. Loss of periodontal support and subsequent migration of teeth from their normal position
6. Damage to the PDL occurs in response to inflammation. Usually affects the coronal area of the PDL.

To determine which causative factor is present in determining occlusal trauma.

1. Discomfort around one or more teeth
2. Due to inflammation of PDL
3. Ligaments of PDL are distroyed by inflammation resulting from excessive forces acting on teeth.
4. Functional mobility caused by inflammation and widening of the PDL
5. Once a tooth has loss of support, teeth migrate due to occlusal and non occlusal forces (ie. Tongue, lips ect.)
6. Indicates that an adaptive response has occured either to excessive force on a normal periodontium or to normal or excessive forces on a  reduced periodontium

Understand the different treatments that are available to treat occlusal trauma.

1. Simple questions can help determine if inflammation is due to occlusal trauma .
2. Splint therapy
3. Occlusal adjustment

  Discribe how orthodontics uses controlled pressure through the use of graduated wires.

Pressure is controlled through the use of graduated wires.

Stimulated osteoclastic activity on the side with the pressure = bone resorption.

Stimulates osteoblastic activity on the other side = bone deposition.

adaptive capacity:

adaptive capacity: The ability of the teeth and tissues of the periodontium to sustain the effects of, or adapt to, forces acting on the periodontium without injury.

traumatic occlusion:

traumatic occlusion: inflammation due to forces damaging the PDL

Bruxism:

Bruxism: A habit of grinding, clenching, or clamping the teeth

Parafunction:

Parafunction: abnormal function such as bruxism.

primary occlusal trauma:

primary occlusal trauma: injury resulting in tissue changes from excessive occlusal forces to the teeth with a healthy, anatomically normal, periodontium in a systemically well patient

secondary occlusal trauma:

secondary occlusal trauma: injury resulting in tissue changes from normal or excessive occlusal forces to a tooth or teeth with reduced support.