Vince S. winters his 120 mother beef cows in a drylot. You palpated the cows in
October and only the pregnant ones were kept; thus all the cows remaining are in mid to
late gestation. The cows are fed a mix of grass silage and alfalfa hay once per day, and
they have access to trace mineralized salt blocks at all times. Other than brucellosis
(calfhood vac) the cows have never been vaccinated for anything. Yesterday, Vince
noticed a cow with one droopy ear. As far as he could tell there was no discharge or
crusting in the ear, but Vince squirted some nitrofurazone ointment into the ear canal and
gave the cow a shot of LA-200. Today the cow is acting like she is blind and in pain,
wandering around the pen, and pressing her head against a corner post. A second cow
has a droopy ear today. It is the left ear in both cows. You examine the affected cows
and find that they don’t have obvious ear infections. Both cows are febrile (104.6 and
104.3 F) and have rapid heart rates (84 and 78). The first cow is trembling and has a
noticeably droopy eyelid on the same side as the affected ear. Also, you note that her lip
seems to hang lower on that side. In the second cow, the left eye doesn’t seem to be
aligned with the right. You take a look at the other cows and note that they appear
normal. Only about 25 of the cows are at the feedbunks, which seems odd to you given
that the bunks appear to be full. If the cows had just been fed you’d expect more of them
to be eating, and, if they had been fed several hours ago, you would expect to see less
hay/silage in the bunk. You ask Vince about this, and he relates that it sometimes takes
his cows a few days to get used to a new bag of silage, and he just opened a new bag 4
days ago.

a)    No
b)    None
c)    Listeriosis due to poor quality silage
d)    Humans also get listeriosis though not likely to be directly transmissible unless something very unusual is going on.  You are accountable for on final exam (but not for homework since haven’t yet discussed): Nitrofurazone is prohibited in cattle even for topical.

BN is a corporate attorney who lives in Seattle. He has 40 beef cows that he keeps on
his 600-acre hobby ranch in the cascade foothills from May through November and on a
20-acre pasture near Ellensburg through the winter and early spring. A local, retired
postal worker, TC., checks the cattle every other day and puts fresh hay in the racks. The
racks never run out of hay, and thus the cows have all of it they care to eat. In addition to
hay, trace mineralized salt blocks are always kept out. It is now January 25 and calving
season is due to start soon. TC called you out this morning to look at a 4-year old cowthat is down in sternal recumbency and can’t get up. You palpate her and note that she
has scant, dry feces and is at least 7½ months pregnant. You judge the cow to have a
body condition score of 2 on the 9-point beef cow scale (very thin). TC says all the cows
have been getting thinner since the weather turned cold. He also informs you that they
have had one case last week that seemed similar to this, but no vet service was sought.
That cow died 2 days after going down; she also was in late gestation.

a)    No
b)    None
c)    Pregnancy toxemia (accept: poor nutrition).  Conceivably abomasal impaction.
d)    None obvious

Charles and Camilla Wales run about 1,200 beef cows on a combination of BLM
rangeland and irrigated pasture. Each autumn they sort the calves into those that will be
sold and those that will be kept for replacement heifers. The replacement heifers are put
into a small feedlot to be fed for the winter so that they can get them ready for breeding
soon enough to maintain a 22-month average age at first calving. Camilla called you at
6:00 AM this morning. She and Charles have just gotten back from a weekend trip, and
when they went out to do the morning feeding two of the 250 heifers were down and
could not get up. Linda related that most of the heifers have watery diarrhea and did not
come to the feedbunk when the feed was put out. Several heifers were kicking at their
bellies.

a)    No need to call a state vet
b)    No foreign animal diseases suspected
c)    Ruminal acidosis
d)    None obvious

KD has a herd of 74 Angus
mother cows and four bulls.
His calving season is from early
February till mid May. It is
now August, so calves are
between 3 and 6 months old
(weight 250-600 lb). At 6 AM
this morning KD called you
about an emergency at his farm.
A 4 month old calf died all of a
sudden late yesterday afternoon
(i.e., he had not noticed it to be
ill in the morning and found it
dead in the afternoon). Another
calf was dead this morning, and
KD says that quite a number of
them look sick today: they are
“droopy” and did not come when
he put out feed. Some of the
cows seemed “a bit off” as well.
You ask KD to get the cows and
calves in the corral, and you
immediately drive the 11 miles
to his ranch. You begin by
examining calves. Although
some calves seem ok, about half
are febrile (103-107F), have
heart rates of 100-120/min, and
seem depressed. Most of the
febrile calves have watery stools,
some with bloody flecks and lots
of mucous. Some of the calves
also have serous to mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges. Four calves have stringy
saliva hanging from their mouths; on examination these seem to have erosions on their
gums, hard palate, and/or tongues (photo). You auscultate 5 of the febrile calves. In four
of them you hear air moving throughout the lung fields, but the sounds seem loud and
harsh. One has the harsh sounds but also seems to lack any sounds in the anterioventral
part of lung field. Next you examine the cows and note that several of them are also
febrile with watery stools containing blood and/or mucous. You necropsy the calf that
died this morning and find: oral and esophageal erosions, some covered with necrotic
scabs; lining of trachea red, edematous with lots of mucous and fibrin; red and edematous
abomasum; enlarged intestinal lymph nodes.

a)    Yes.
b)    Rinderpest fits best, could also be a vesicular dz
c)    None fit better but ok if listed BVD/mucosal dz.
d)    None obvious

It is 5:00 AM on October 20, and you just got a call from Sam W., who owns a cowcalf
operation out on route 53. He has 175 mother cows. Sam’s calving season begins in
February and last year’s calves were weaned in late September, so there are no calves
present on the ranch. All the cows are supposed to be at least 6 months pregnant, since
you palpated the herd a month ago, and all the open cows were culled shortly thereafter.
It seems that one cow has just died and ten have aborted since yesterday. You drive right
out to Sam’s place. First you necropsy the dead cow. You note a marked yellow color in
the cow’s tissues and find
that the liver seems
somewhat enlarged has
some “blotches” visible on
the surface (see photo).
Lymph nodes throughout
the carcass are enlarged.
You necropsy two of the
aborted fetuses and note
that they also have liver
pathology. You examine
the surviving cows and
note that around a fourth of
them are febrile. Most of
the febrile cows have
diarrhea, some with blood.
A few are noticeably icteric
and very weak.

a)    Yes.
b)    Rift Valley Fever fits best
c)    None, ok if listed Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis
d)    Rift Valley Fever is zoonotic (must list this for points).  If you mentioned lepto and/or sal in c, should mention that they are zoonotic.

An 8 year old Arabian mare is presented for evaluation of swelling in her legs. On
physical examination, this mare has a temperature of 102.5 F. She has a line of painful
nodules and lymphatic vessels on both hind limbs. Some nodules have ruptured and are
draining purulent exudate. The horse’s respiratory rate is 34 breaths/min and she appears
to be in some mild resipratory distress. She coughs frequently during the examination.

a)    Yes.
b)    Glanders
c)    None fit better than glanders
d)    Glanders is zoonoitc

A 12 year old Thoroughbred stallion is presented for evaluation of an enlarged prepuce
and sheath. On physical examination, the stallion has edema of the genitalia including
the prepuce and scrotum. There are cutaneous plaques of edema on the thorax. The
horse has a grade 3/5 ataxia and proprioceptive deficits of all four limbs.

a)    Yes
b)    Dourine
c)    None fit better
d)    None obvious

A 10 year old Arabian mare is presented for evaluation of acute onset (2 hours) of
respiratory distress. On examination, she has a heart rate of 84 beats/min, a respiratory
rate of 68 breaths/min and a temperature of 104.6 F. She is clearly in respiratory distress.
She has cool pitting edema of the ventral thorax and supraorbital fossas.

a)    Yes
b)    African Horse Sickness
c)    None fit better
d)    None

Demi and Ashton have
about 70 ewes and 3
rams, a pigmy goat, an
alpaca female, three dogs,
6 laying hens and a
rooster, 4 guinea fowl, an
irascible goose,
uncounted barn cats, and
two scrungy little boys
who are always chasing
and handling the variety
of animals while
scratching and picking at
various body orifices.
Lambing season started
about 2 weeks ago, and,
so far, about 20 of the
ewes have lambed. Demi
called you about a
problem she first noticed
last week and that seems
to be getting a lot worse.
Three of the younger
ewes that have lambed
have scabs on their udders that seem to make nursing their lambs painful. Some of the
lambs have scabs on their noses and around their mouths, which seems to make it painful
for them to nurse. One of the young ewes has scabs on her lips and nose (photo), and
another young ewe is distinctly lame. The older ewes look normal. So far, all of the
ewes—even the young ones—seem to be eating normally, and no lambs have died, asyet. Demi has never seen anything like this before in the flock, but they just bought the
flock about 2 years ago.

a)    There is not sufficient likelihood of a FAD to call state/fed vet.  Orf is reportable in many states, but the question referred only to FAD.  So it’s ok if said “no” and ok if said “yes”.
b)    None
c)    Contagious Ecthyma (orf)
d)    Zoonotic

The Closthaler Brothers own a dairy farm consisting of about 1200 lactating cows.
They raise all of their own heifers. They called you about a serious problem in heifers
aged 12-16 months. The heifers are maintained at a separate location from the rest of the
herd, on a place about a mile away. They are fed a mixture of oat haylage and chopped
alfalfa hay along with a protein mineral supplement that contains monensin and are
maintained in 10 contiguous pens with approximately 50 heifers each. Each pen is 100
ft x 200 ft with a shade structure in the rear and a concrete slab with locking stanchions in
the front on which heifers are fed. Feeding is done using a 2.5-ton capacity mixer
wagon. Only artificial insemination is used (no bulls). Early this morning, when the
feeding crew went to feed the heifers, they noticed two of them down in sternal
recumbency in one pen and a third heifer down in an adjoining pen. You arrive around
10 AM, by which time one of the recumbent heifers is dead. You note more feed than
usual remaining in front of the two pens with recumbent heifers, along with another pen
that adjoins them. The two remaining recumbent heifers are alert but seem weak in the
hind limbs when stimulated, and they are not able to rise. They have rectal temperatures
of 100.5 and 101.3 F and seem to be producing quite a lot of saliva that is running onto
the ground. When you put hay and water in front of them, they are interested but seem
unable to eat. As you are moving about in the two affected pens (and in the adjoining
one with reduced intake) you notice that some of the heifers seem to be ataxic, mainly in
the rear limbs. Several heifers seem to have their tongues hanging out. You necropsy
the dead heifer after noting that she died in lateral recumbency and was bloated. You
find nothing remarkable on necropsy. Heifers in other pens seem to be normal.

a)    No
b)    None
c)    Botulism most likely, others possible but don’t fit as well.
d)    None

It’s 8 AM and already promising to be another hot, dry, eastern-Montana day in a
whole summer of similar days. Jake, one of your cow-calf clients, has just called about
three “sudden deaths” in calves. His calving season this past spring was February 1 to
May 3, and today is August 19. The first death was of a calf around 4 months old; it
happened last week but it was on Sunday and Jake didn’t want to disturb you. Late
yesterday night Jake saw another calf (~5 months old) that was down, and he gave it a
couple of Tribrissen tablets that you prescribed when he had salmonellosis outbreak a
couple of years ago. That calf was dead this morning, and he found another one dead (~4
months old). Jake says the rest of the calves look healthy except for one that seemed
lame in a rear leg this morning. The affected calves were in good flesh. All the mother
cows seem to be doing fine. The cows and calves are running on range containing native
grasses along with various forbs and shrubs. Jake says he has started feeding some hay
because the grazing is not what it should be for mid August. You necropsy the two
recently dead calves. You note that one of them has a swollen right rear leg. When you
press on the skin, you feel crepitation. On incision the muscle appears dark red with
black streaks. The other calf has no such lesions in the extremities but the diaphragm
muscle tissue is dark red with black streaks and is distinctly spongy.

a)    No
b)    none
c)    Blackleg
d)    None

Becks and Posh own a mixed
breed cow-calf operation. They
live in the city and spend most
weekends on the ranch. It is now
a Sunday morning mid-July and 33
of their 48 cows have calved;
calves range in age from 1 week of
age to nearly 6 months. Posh
called you this morning about “an
outbreak” in their animals. The
over-the-phone description is a
little fuzzy, you hear something
about lameness, eye problems, and
nasal discharge and finally decide
you won’t be able to get out of
making an emergency call. After
you go through the gate at Posh and
Becks’ place, you slowly drive
through the pasture looking at the
cattle. You see 12 cows and two of
the older calves that are distinctly
lame. For 13 of these, only one leg
(some fore, some aft) seems to be
involved and in one cow both hind
legs are affected None of the cows
seem to have ocular lesions or nasal
discharges, so you turn your gaze to
the calves and note that 4 of the
older calves (4-6 mos old, you
estimate) have unilateral (n=3) or
bilateral (n=1) milky white spots on their corneas. There is a lot of drainage coming out
of the affected eyes and the conjunctivas are very red and swollen. One calf, about 3
months old, is by himself in a corner of the field and looks a bit listless; this calf has a
distinct mucopurulent nasal discharge. A couple of other calves in the same age range
have a similar discharge but appear bright and alert. By this time Becks has arrived, and
you help him get the affected animals into their tumble-down excuse for a holding pen.
On examining the cows, it appears that the lameness problems are limited to the feet.
The areas between the toes of the affected feet are swollen and “raw” looking (see photo).
The swelling extends up to the fetlock of some cows. You don’t find any foreign bodies
or signs of joint involvement. Affected cows are febrile (102.8 to 104.5 F). The ocular
lesions of calves consist of one or more corneal ulcers per eye, with the remainder of
cornea being opaque and whitish. These calves are febrile (103.1 to 104.8 F). The
depressed calf has a high fever (106.7 F) and has an absence of lung sounds in the
anterioventral parts of the lungs. The other calves with nasal discharge also have fever
(103.7 to 105.2 F), but have more-or-less normal lung sounds.

a)    No
b)    None fit well, remotely consistent with Malignant catarrhal fever, which is not typically a foreign animal dz (though is reportable in many states). So ok if listed MCF.  
c)    Foot rot, pink eye, bovine respiratory dz.   This is example of situation you see operations owned by absentee ranchers where they save up a lot of problems for vet.
d)    None obvious.

It is 5:30 AM on December 19th and you have just received a phone call from Sue R.
Sue runs a beef stocker calf operation of about 400 calves between 7 and 12 months of
age. One calf is down on its side and “paddling”. Three others won’t come to the
feedbunk and are “stumbling around as if they were blind.” Sue relates that the calves
are rotated among 4 quarter-section circles containing a wheat/clover/rye mixture. The
calves were moved onto the present circle 8 days ago. Calves are fed 4 pounds per head
daily of a mixture of rolled barley, corn gluten pellets, and a vitamin/mineral mix. They
also have access to liquid feeders containing urea and molasses.

a)    No
b)    None
c)    Most likely are lead poisoning and rye grass staggers (which need for full points).  Polioencephalomalacia and hypomagnesemia also possible
d)    None obvious

You have just necropsied a dairy cow that died in mid lactation with no observed
premonitory signs. She milked a little above average compared to herdmates. The cow
was in lateral recumbency with right side down. You found no gross lesions except for
some fresh-looking abrasions the skin around the right eye. Two other cows died under
similar circumstances in this 400-cow dairy during the past two weeks, but you were not
called to necropsy them. Otherwise, no unusual disease or production problems have
been noted in the herd.

a)    No
b)    none
c)    Hypomagnesemia
d)    None obvious

Elizabeth and Phillip Windsor own a cow-calf operation out on Route 2092. Their
calving season begins around the first of February and is over by late April. It is now
June 15. They are having a problem with bloody diarrhea in calves that began about 1
week ago. One calf has died, at least 3 others are severely ill, and perhaps half the calves
are mildly affected. Elizabeth reports that a number of the calves seem to be straining to
defecate but little or nothing comes out. All of the cows seem healthy, as far as she can
tell. On arrival at the farm you decide to necropsy the dead calf first. You find that the
calf was emaciated and has gross lesions limited to the ileum, colon and rectum. The
mucosa has been denuded in places throughout the lower bowel, and a fibrous membrane
covers some of these areas. The lumen contained blood and mucous. You examine two
of the severely affected calves and find that they have slightly elevated rectal
temperatures (102.9 and 103.3 F). One of them has a rectal prolapse. Very little fecal
material is present in the posterior rectum—just blood and a lot of mucous. The calves
are moderately emaciated. While you are examining calves, Phillip puts some range
cubes out and you note that all of the cows follow him and hungrily consume the cubes.
None of the cows appears to have diarrhea.

a) No
   b) None likely
    c) Coccidiosis most likely, salmonellosis also possible
    d) Salmonella is zoonotic

Monica Woolsey has 25 fine-wool ewes and a ram that she raises on her small farm at
the edge of town. This is not a high profit operation, but Monica takes a lot of pride in
breeding and tending the ewes, shearing them herself, and selling wool of legendary
quality to local spinners and knitters. She has just phoned you at 7 pm with the
following information. A 4-year old ewe is down in sternal recumbency and cannot get
up. This ewe is not responsive to feed or water. Another ewe is acting “kind of funny”:
she didn’t come to the feed trough when Monica put out feed this evening, and she seems
a bit “disoriented”. Monica relates that lambing is due to start in about two weeks.
Based on your prior visits, you know that Monica is fond of her sheep and feeds them
extremely well. Her husbandry has surely paid off in terms of lambing percentage. Last
year she raised 47 lambs, and, after weaning, the surplus lambs Monica didn’t need as
replacements sold like hotcakes.

a) No
    b) None
    c) Pregnancy toxemia most likely.  Could also be hypocalcemia,
    d) None obvious.

Cameron and Justin have a dairy farm about 5 miles out of town. For the past two
weeks they have been having terrible problems with post-partum cows. Every cow that
has calved has, within a day or two of calving, run a high fever (up to 107 F) and has had
diarrhea. In some cases the diarrhea was bloody. Two cows have died so far, one this
morning. You tell Cameron not to let the rendering truck pick up the dead cow till you
have necropsied it, and you immediately head out to the dairy farm. First you necropsy
the dead cow. You note that there is hemorrhage in all of the intestinal tract and that the
entire mucosa appears to have been denuded from the ileum to the rectum. The
mesenteric lymph nodes are enlarged and hemorrhagic. The liver is yellowish and
swollen. There are petechial hemorrhages on all serosal surfaces. You take a look in the
hospital pen and note that there are two cows that have just calved along with five sick
cows. You examine the two postpartum cows. One seems to be normal; she was just
moved into the hospital pen two hours ago right after she calved. The other, which was
moved into the hospital pen 2 days ago, has a fever of 105.6 F and seems to have a loose
stool. When you palpate her she seems to resist more than you would normally expect
and your sleeve comes out bloody. You take a walk through the rest of the farm and
don’t see any sick animals. Cameron says the cows are milking fine and that all animals
outside the hospital pen seem to be eating ok.

a)  No
b)  None likely
c)  Typical postpartum salmonellosis presentation
d)  Salmonella is zoonotic

Sheryl and Sidney run an organic goat dairy in your practice area in Northern
California. They milk about 130 Nubian does and use the milk to make artisan cheeses
that are shipped all over North America. Some of their cheeses have been written up in
gourmet magazines and sell for $80/lb. Unfortunately, two of their does aborted last
night. One was about 4 months pregnant and the other was nearing term. After you
arrive, you take a look at the aborted fetuses. Both does aborted twins. One of the twins
from the doe approaching term appeared to be mummified and the other seemed normal
with no evident lesions. The two fetuses from the doe that was 4 months pregnant have
been dead awhile so it’s hard to tell if there are any lesions. You manage to recover the
placenta from this doe and the cotyledons seem to have little white spots on them (see
photo). In speaking with Sheryl and Sidney, you find that another doe recently gave
birth to a live but weak kid.

a) No
b) None
c) Toxoplasmosis
d) Toxo is zoonotic (and infection via bradyzooites in placenta is possible).

Brad and Angelina run a farrow to finish swine operation. Right now they have 12
sows in the farrowing barn with piglets. Beginning four days ago, they noticed that two
litters had watery diarrhea. They treated them with oral gentamicin, which is their usual
treatment for E. coli diarrhea. Three of the affected piglets died by yesterday and four
more were dead this morning. Most of the piglets in the barn are now sick with watery
diarrhea. The sows in the farrowing barn (ie, the ones with baby pigs) also seem to be
sick in that they are vomiting. Many of the weaned pigs in the nursery seem to be
affected. Their feed intake is much reduced and many of them are vomiting and/or have
diarrhea. Some of the pigs in the finishing barn are also affected with vomiting and
diarrhea and the feed intake is about half normal. The sows in the gestating barn seem ok
as do the boars. You necropsy three of the recently dead piglets. The stomachs of all
three pigs contain milk, including some curds, and the small intestines are distended with
gas and milky fluid. The walls of the small intestines of all 3 piglets seem very thin, you
think to yourself. The colons look pretty normal. One piglet had some sub-peritoneal
hemorrhage on the peritoneal surface of the stomach. You see no other lesions.

a) A foreign animal disease is not likely so you would not call the state/federal vet for that reason.  TGE is reportable in all states so you would need to call state vet, but question referred only to FAD.  So ok if you said “no” and ok if  you said “yes”.  
b) Foreign DfDx: None
c) Domestic DfDx: Transmissible gastroenteritis
d) No public health concern

Chet S runs a
farrow to finish
operation with
about 80 sows. He
has just brought
in two 100 lb pigs
from the finishing
barn for you to
necropsy.
Although Chet is
in your practice
area, this is the
first time you
have met him—he
hasn’t used vet
service in many
years because of his perception that vets no longer knew or cared about pigs or pig
farmers. But he is desperate now. One of the two pigs is white (Landrace, you think)
and the other is red (Duroc, you think). They both seem to be in reasonably good flesh
and had been dead less than 6 hours, according to Chet. The white pig seems to have a
“sunburned” appearance. As you necropsy the white pig you first note that the spleen
seems bigger than normal and is dark red. It breaks apart in your hand as you try to
remove it. Lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity seem unusually large and dark. In fact,
you thought they were blood clots at first. There is a bit of straw colored fluid in the
thoracic cavity and the lungs have some areas of what you perceive to be recent
consolidation. The second pig’s spleen is not as big but still seems a bit on the large side
to you. The lymph nodes of the second pig are big but not red—more gelatinous. The
Duroc pig seems to have some odd skin lesions—they kind of look like circumscribed
“blood blisters” you think to yourself. As you are performing the necropsies you ask
Chet what is going on. It seems he first noted a problem about 10 days ago when the feed
consumption in the finishing barn went down overnight by 15-20%. The next day two
pigs in the finishing barn died without showing any premonitory signs. On that day most
of the pigs looked ok, but some remained huddled together and did not come to the
feeder. During this 10 days since the reduction in feed intake, 8 of the 148 pigs in the
finishing barn have died (including the ones you are posting). The sows don’t seem sick,
but Chet relates that one of them aborted two days ago. Chet has noted some bloody
scours in weaners, but none of them have died as yet.

a) Yes
b) Classical Swine Fever or African swine fever
c) None more likely than FADs in “b”.
d) None obvious

Hunley has a small place out on Sumner Road where he keeps 14 mother cows and a
bull. He called you out this morning to look at a cow that was salivating a lot. The rest of
the cows seem ok and ate this morning when fed. The affected cow has a normal rectal
temp (100.8 F). Other than a lot of salivation, you don’t find anything wrong with her—
no ulcers or vesicles in her mouth or other body sites. Fill in appropriate check boxes.
Sinbad has a small place out on Doober Road where he keeps 23 mother cows and 2
bulls. When he put out feed this morning, about half the cows hung back. Several of
them seemed lame and some had a lot of slobber hanging out their mouths. You tell
Sinbad to corral the animals. When you arrive you find that all the obviously affected
animals have fevers of 103.2 to 106.8 F. The salivating cows have bits of epithelium
missing on their tongues.

a.
a) No
b) None
c) Choke most likely.  Could be oral wound.
d) None obvious
b.
a) Yes,
b) Any of vesicular FADs
c)  None fit better than vesicular FADs  (bluetongue fits about as well)
d)  Vesicular stomatitis is zoonotic  (though not typically very serious).

In addition to managing a restaurant, Steve has a small farm where he runs 20 sows
and where he feeds out the baby pigs to market weight. He sells about 150 market weight
pigs per year. A week ago some of the pigs in the finisher barn were showing some signs
of pneumonia. Steve didn’t think too much about it and just gave them some penicillin.
Over the next few days 4 more animals were affected with what looked like pneumonia.
Steve noticed that some of the white pigs appeared to have something like sunburn, even
though the pigs are under a shed. A sow aborted yesterday, and, today, a 150 lb pig is
dead. Steve finally decides to call you, the vet. You necropsy the dead pig and note two
interesting things before you open the carcass: the pig had bloody diarrhea and it had a
couple of “blood blisters” On opening the abdomen you notice a very large, swollen
spleen. Lymph nodes throughout the body seem very large and red, though you don’t
have much experience necropsying pigs (counting today you have done one). The lungs
look sort of edematous but there is no obvious pneumonia. There are no vesicular lesions
on any of the pigs—you remembered to check for that. Steve says he hasn’t brought in
any new pigs in over 2 years.

a) Yes
b) Classical or African Swine Fever
c) None more likely than FADs in “b”.
d) None obvious.  You could interpret that feeding raw garbage is a public health issue in the broadest sense (public health of livestock).

Ted and Vicki have a small farm on route 6. They have owned sheep and chickens
for many years and have leased out about 40 acres of cropland to a neighboring farmer
who grew wheat on it. The neighbor died last year so they decided that, instead of
leasing it out again, they would run some stocker cattle. A month ago they bought 20
head of 7- to 9- month old calves and put them on the land to graze wheat which they had
planted. This morning Ted called you. He related that several of the calves have very
red looking noses, white eyes, and are slobbering a lot. You tell Ted to get all 20 calves
up in the working pen, and then you travel out to Ted and Vicki’s place. About half the
calves have fever of 104 F or higher. Two calves are making a lot of noise breathing and
have outstretched necks. Three calves seem to be lame. The “white eyes” that Ted
mentioned appear to be bilateral corneal opacity without any central ulcers as one might
expect in pink eye. The oral mucosa of some calves seems inflamed and you two small
erosions in the mouth of one calf; other calves do not have evident erosions or vesicles.
The feces of all the calves seems a bit loose for several of the calves but the wheat is
growing lushly quite lush this time of year, you think to yourself.

a) Since malignant catarrhal fever can be FAD, you’d call the state vet.  Even the domestic form of MCF (from sheep, by the far the most likely) is reportable in many states.
b) Malignant catarrhal fever is the best fit.  Can’t rule out vesicular FAD.
c) None more likely than MCF (which is probably domestic).  OK if mentioned IBR. 
d) None obvious