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Eysenck's Biological Typology
Glossary of terms for Ch.10
37
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
03/31/2009

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Term
 
 
androgens
 
Definition

 

 

Male sex hormones, in mammals, the principal on is testosterone 

Term

 

 

antigens

Definition

 

 

protien or carbohydrate substances (such as toxins or enzymes) that, when introduced into the body, stimulate the production of anibodies 

Term

 

 

arousal theory

Definition

 

 

explanation of behavioral differences in terms of the interactions between inherited levels of nervous system arousal and levels of environmental stimulation

Term

 

 

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

Definition

 

 

the part of the central nervous system located in the lower brain stem; it is involved in the arousal of the cerebral cortex

Term

 

 

autonomic nervous system

Definition

 

 

the part of the peripheral nervous sustem- usually not under the individual's voluntary control- that regulates the operation of internal organs and glands; it consists of the sypathetic and parasympathetic subsystems 

Term

 

 

behavior therapy

Definition

 

 

multifaceted approach to the treatment of disorders based on the principles of conditioning, counterconditioning, extinction and reinforcment 

Term

 

 

classical conditioning 

Definition

 

 

association learning whereby a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally evokes an unconditioned response. through pairing with the unconditioned response, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus, which when presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a conditioned response that is similar to the unconditioned response.

Term

 

 

cortical arousal 

Definition

 

 

state of the cortex during periods of perceptual or cognitive arousal 

Term

 

 

counterconditioning 

Definition

 

 

procedure often utilized for therapeutic purposes, in which a conditioned response is weakened by associating the stimulus that evokes itwith a new resposne that is antagonistic (incompatible) with the conditioned response

Term

 

 

divergent thinking

 

Definition

 

 

the ability to think along many different paths, to consider alternatives not ordinarily considered in trying to solve problems

Term

 

 

dyzygotic twins

Definition

 

 

twins that develop simultaneously from two separate fertilized eggs (also called fraternal twins)

Term

 

 

dopamine

 

Definition

 

 

a neurotransmitter or chemical in the brain that, in excessive amounts, can reduce cognitive inhibitions

Term

 

 

electrodermal response

Definition

 

 

changes in the electrical conductance of the skin that are associated with arousal 

Term

 

 

electroencenphalogram (EEG)

Definition

 

 

 recording of electrical activity in the cerbral cortex obtained my means of electrodes placed on the skull

Term

 

 

evoked potentials

Definition

 

 

patterns of waves in the brain following its stimulation

Term

 

 

extraverts

 

Definition

 

 

individuals who have an outgoing and sociable approach to life

Term

 

 

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)

Definition

 

 

 an inventory designed to measure the major personality types of adults

Term

 

 

flooding

Definition

 

 

form of behavior therapy in which the client is exposed to the most intense stimuli that evoke fear, typically for prolonged periods of time, in an effort to extinguish it  

Term

 

 

hedonic tone

Definition

 

 

positive or negative feelings and evaluations associated with various levels of arousal

Term

 

 

inhibition theory

 

Definition

 

 

explanation of behavioral differences on the basis of inhibitory cortical processes that hinder nervous system arousal

Term

 

 

introverts

Definition

 

 

indivduals who have a shy and retiring approach 

Term

 

 

Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

Definition

 

 

inventory designed to measure the major personality types in children

Term

 

 

modeling

 

Definition

 

 

demonstration of behavior by one person so that another person can imitate it

Term

 

 

monozygotic twins

 

Definition

 

 

twins who develop from the splitting of a single fertilized egg (also called identical twins)

Term

 

 

neurotics 

Definition

 

 

individuals who are emotionally unstable and overly reactive to stimuli

Term

 

 

parasympathetic nervous system

Definition

 

 

division of the autonomic nervous system that conserves bodily energies by slowing heart and breathing rates

Term

 

 

psychopathology

Definition

 

 

various forms of disordered behavior that vary in terms of the severity of impairment

Term

 

 

psychotics

 

Definition

 

 

individuals who are aloof, inhumane, aggressive, and insensitive to the needs of others, but also creative

 

Term

 

 

pulpillary response

 

Definition

 

 

changes in dilation of the pupils of the eyes associated with arousal

Term

 

 

reactive inhibitation

Definition

 

 

each time a person responds, a small increment of neural fatigue is built up. over many responses, fatigue builds to the point where the person stops responding

Term

 

 

schizophrenia

 

Definition

 

 

severe psychotic disorder characterized by flat or inappropriate emotion and by withdrawal from external reality and other people. they are also characterized by thought disorder. while their lack of cognitive inhibition may sometimes result in creative test performances because it allows them to think in unusal ways, sometimes their inability to control the running together of ideas produces gibberish

Term

 

 

serotonin

 

Definition

 

 

a chemical neurotransmitter in the brain believed to be associated with psychoticism and schizophrenic thinking

 

Term

 

 

sympathetic nervous system

 

Definition

 

 

division of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for action, speeding up heart rate and breathing rates and slowing the digestive process

 

Term

 

 

systematic desensitization

Definition

 

 

behavior therapy designed to reduce the strong anxieties associated with various stimuli; the client is gradually exposed to them and, at each level in the anxiety hierarchy, learns new responses through counterconditioning

 

Term

 

 

typology

 

Definition

 

 

a means of classifying behavior through the use of continuous, highly abstract concepts (types) that encompass clusters of correlated traits

 

Term

 

 

visceral brain

 

Definition

 

 

parts of the brain that underlie emotional feelings and expressions; also known as the limbic system

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