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Exploring Life Chapter 12
Key terms for Exploring Life Chapter 12; Concepts 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, and 12.4
16
Biology
8th Grade
11/15/2010

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Term
genome
Definition
complete set of an organism's genetic material
Term
histone
Definition
small protein that DNA wraps around
Term
trisomy 21
Definition
condition in which an individual has three number 21 chromosomes resulting in Down syndrome
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
general set of symptoms in people with trisomy 21
Term
nondisjunction
Definition
event during meiosis in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate
Term
duplication
Definition
change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated
Term
deletion
Definition
change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed
Term
inversion
Definition
change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the original chromosome is reversed
Term
translocation
Definition
change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome
Term
transposon
Definition
genetic element that moves from one location to another in a genome
Term
pedigree
Definition
family tree that records and traces the occurrence of a trait in a family
Term
carrier
Definition
individual who has one copy of the allele for a recessive disorder and does not exhibit symptoms
Term
genetic counselor
Definition
person trained to collect, analyze, and explain data about human inheritance patterns
Term
growth factor
Definition
protein that initiates cell division
Term
tumor-suppressor gene
Definition
gene that codes for a protein that stops cell division in particular situation
Term
oncogene
Definition
cancer-causing gene
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